Letter to Friend Congratulating on Sucess free essay sample

It gives me extraordinary joy that you have topped the rundown of effective up-and-comers in the Board Examination. It is even more awesome to discover that you have made sure about qualification in all the subjects and in Mathematics you have made sure about 99% imprints. Your fantastic achievement involves pride for your family, companions, educators and our school also. It is, indeed, the consequence of your difficult work and devotion, penance and focus. You have been exceptionally reliable up and down your investigations. You never disregarded your examinations. It has paid well at this point. To be sure, it is a snapshot of festivity especially for your folks who have been extremely cautious for every one of your needs and solaces. This achievement has opened up the entryway to different open doors for your profession. You can get confirmation in any of the great universities in India. A splendid future anticipates you. Your splendid achievement has made sure about your profession. We will compose a custom exposition test on Letter to Friend Congratulating on Sucess or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Again my heartiest congrats on the glad event I am certain you will keep up this exhibition in future. Keep upthespiritand be mindful so as to your wellbeing and execution. We will met soon to have a treat. With loads of good wishes for a splendid future. Yours genuinely, Rishika My Dear Pramod, I am happy to see your outcome in today’s Rakasthan Patrika. Your exceptional exhibition in the RAS assessment has made sure about you a decent position. I passed on this glad news to my dad who was sitting adjacent to me. He excessively was thrilled. I thank god for his consideration and wish you a splendid future. You have been clever and tireless in your school and school days. Positively, your prosperity is expected to god’s beauty just as your difficult work and convenient direction of your regarded guardians. Keep it up! You will be of incredible resource for your family and increasingly over to this country. If it's not too much trouble direct your sister likewise to defeat her IAS assessments which are expected in November. It would be ideal if you pass on my deferential commendations to your folks. Once more, congrats to you! Yours truly, Raj Kumar

Creating False Memories Essay Example for Free

Making False Memories Essay The cerebrum works in odd manners. The article entitled â€Å"Creating False Memories†, by Elizabeth F. Loftus, is an article about simply that. The examinations remembered for the article are evidence that the mind can bend certain recollections so as to fit them to a proposal made by another person; or a recommendation can make whole bogus recollections. A few people are more vulnerable than others to â€Å"remember† a bogus memory when a recommendation is made, however all things considered, anybody could â€Å"remember† a bogus memory. The article appeared to call attention to that more seasoned recollections that would be less obvious in the first place, for example, cherished recollections, are simpler for recommendations to wind than a memory that occurred as of late. While perusing the segment captioned â€Å"Imagination Inflation†, it became evident that even one that was perusing the article, on the off chance that one took the model proposals given in the article, at that point it would be extraordinarily enticing to recollect things that were envisioned. One would understand that it was just creative mind at work, however whenever asked a couple of days after the fact what was recalled about it, it is anything but difficult to accept that it was a genuine memory. In what manner can one genuinely recognize memory and creative mind? On the other hand, is the memory of a demonstration of creative mind not a genuine memory in itself? There are numerous ways that one could be confounded regarding this matter, in light of the fact that in fact, recollections of envisioned things can be genuine recollections. Memory and creative mind are so firmly related that it would be hard to differentiate between the two. What was particularly inconceivable about this article was the area captioned â€Å"Impossible Memories. † Individuals really recollected viewpoints from their second day of life, despite the fact that this is restoratively outlandish. It is basic information that individuals can't start to shape recollections that would be recalled into adulthood until the age of a few. However, given a proposal, individuals will simply go for it. It could be the â€Å"imagination inflation† hypothesis at work, and it most likely is. Numerous individuals are affected day by day about what happens when youngsters are conceived or how kids are dealt with in a medical clinic directly after birth. Individuals hear stories, see the situation in TV and film, and maybe have been there when a kin was conceived. Be that as it may, can certain individuals really recall their births or presently? All things considered, there are special cases to each standard. This article made for intriguing perusing. The examinations utilized are noteworthy and it bodes well. It is difficult to accept that specialists can, either purposely or accidentally, give their patients proposals so as to make bogus recollections. What number of individuals are extremely mindful of what others state to them or how it may influence them? The article is convincing and it makes one mull over how their cerebrum functions. It makes one consider what number of the â€Å"memories† one accepts are genuine recollections from adolescence are in reality evident recollections or bogus recollections. Where youth is concerned, most people need to depend on guardians or family members to hand-off stories, yet consider the possibility that those recollections are wrong. This is the purpose of the article. The human cerebrum is so confounded and sensitive that on the off chance that one isn't cautious who comprehends what sort of harm should be possible. Loftus, Elizabeth F. â€Å"Creating False Memories. † Scientific American. 277. 3 (September 1997): 70-75.

The Gift of Forgiveness Christmas Story

The Gift of Forgiveness â€" Christmas Story The Christmas of 1949 we didn’t have a tree. My dad had as much pride as anybody, I suppose, so he wouldn’t just say that we couldn’t afford one.When I mentioned it, my mother said that we weren’t going to have one this year, that we couldn’t afford one, and even if we could â€" it was stupid to clutter up your house with a dead tree. I wanted a tree badly though, and I thought â€" in my naive way â€" that if we had one, everybody would feel better.About three days before Christmas, I was out collecting for my paper route. It was fairly late â€" long after dark â€" it was snowing and very cold.I went to the apartment building to try to catch a customer who hadn’t paid me for nearly two months â€" she owed me seven dollars.Much to my surprise, she was home. She invited me in and not only did she pay me, she gave me a dollar tip! It was a windfall for me â€" I now had eight whole dollars.What happened next was totally unplanned. On the way home, I walked past a Christmas t ree lot and the idea hit me.The selection wasn’t very good because it was so close to the holiday, but there was this one real nice tree. It had been a very expensive tree and no one had bought it; now it was so close to Christmas that the man was afraid no one would.He wanted ten dollars for it, but when I â€" in my gullible innocence â€" told him I only had eight, he said he might sell it for that.I really didn’t want to spend the whole eight dollars on the tree, but it was so pretty that I finally agreed.I dragged it all the way home â€" about a mile, I think â€" and I tried hard not to damage it or break off any limbs.The snow helped to cushion it, and it was still in pretty good shape when I got home.You can’t imagine how proud and excited I was. I propped it up against the railing on our front porch and went in.My heart was bursting as I announced that I had a surprise.I got Mom and Dad to come to the front door and then I switched on the porch light.Where did you get th at tree? my mother exclaimed.But it wasn’t the kind of exclamation that indicates pleasure.I bought it up on Main Street. Isn’t it just the most perfect tree you ever saw? I said, trying to maintain my enthusiasm.Where did you get the money? Her tone was accusing and it began to dawn on me that this wasn’t going to turn out as I had planned.From my paper route. I explained about the customer who had paid me.And you spent the whole eight dollars on this tree? she exclaimed.She went into a tirade about how stupid it was to spend my money on a dumb tree that would be thrown out and burned in a few days.She told me how irresponsible I was and how I was just like my dad with all those foolish, romantic, noble notions about fairy tales and happy endings and that it was about time I grew up and learned some sense about the realities of life and how to take care of money and spend it on things that were needed and not on silly things.She said that I was going to end up in the poorhous e because I believe in stupid things like Christmas trees, things that didn’t amount to anything.I just stood there. My mother had never talked to me like that before and I couldn’t believe what I was hearing.I felt awful and I began to cry. Finally, she reached out and snapped off the porch light.Leave it there, she said. Leave that tree there till it rots, so every time we see it, we’ll all be reminded of how stupid the men in this family are.Then she stormed up the stairs to her bedroom and we didn’t see her until the next day.Dad and I brought the tree in and we made a stand for it.He got out the box of ornaments and we decorated it as best as we could; but men aren’t too good at things like that, and besides, it wasn’t the same without mom.There were a few presents under it by Christmas day â€" although I can’t remember a single one of them â€" but Mom wouldn’t have anything to do with it.It was the worst Christmas I ever had.Fast forward to today, Judi and I ma rried in August of 1963, and dad died on October 10 of that year. Over the next eight years, we lived in many places. Mom sort of divided up the year â€" either living with my sister Jary or with us.In 1971 we were living in Wichita, Kansas â€" Lincoln was about seven, Brendan was three and Kristen was a baby. Mom was staying with us during the holidays. On Christmas Eve I stayed up very late. I was totally alone with my thoughts, alternating between joy and melancholy, and I got to thinking about my paper route, that tree, what my mother had said to me and how Dad had tried to make things better.I heard a noise in the kitchen and discovered that it was mom. She couldn’t sleep either and had gotten up to make herself a cup of hot tea â€" which was her remedy for just about everything. As she waited for the water to boil, she walked into the living room and discovered me there. She saw my open Bible and asked me what I was reading. When I told her, she asked if I would read it to h er and I did.When the kettle began to whistle, she went and made her tea. She came back, and we started to visit. I told her how happy I was that she was with us for Christmas and how I wished that Dad could have lived to see his grandchildren and to enjoy this time because he always loved Christmas so. It got very quiet for a moment and then she said, Do you remember that time on Twelve Mile Road when you bought that tree with your paper route money?Yes, I said, I’ve just been thinking about it you know.She hesitated for a long moment, as though she were on the verge of something that was bottled up so deeply inside her soul that it might take surgery to get it out. Finally, great tears started down her face and she cried, Oh, son, please forgive me.That time and that Christmas have been a burden on my heart for twenty-five years. I wish your dad were here so I could tell him how sorry I am for what I said. Your dad was a good man and it hurts me to know that he went to his grave without ever hearing me say that I was sorry for that night. Nothing will ever make what I said right, but you need to know that your dad never did have any money sense (which was all too true).We were fighting all the time though not in front of you we were two months behind in our house payments, we had no money for groceries, your dad was talking about going back to Arkansas and that tree was the last straw. I took it all out on you. It doesn’t make what I did right, but I hoped that someday, when you were older, you would understand. I’ve wanted to say something for ever so long and I’m so glad it’s finally out.Well, we both cried a little and held each other and I forgave her â€" it wasn’t hard, you know.Then we talked for a long time, and I did understand; I saw what I had never seen and the bitterness and sadness that had gathered up in me for all those years gradually washed away.It was marvelously simple.The great gifts of this season â€" or any season â€" canâ €™t be put under the tree; you can’t wear them or eat them or drive them or play with them. We spend so much time on the lesser gifts â€" toys, sweaters, jewelry, the mint, anise and dill of Christmas â€" and so little on the great gifts â€" understanding, grace, peace and forgiveness. It’s no wonder that the holiday leaves us empty, because when it’s over, the only reminders we have are the dirty dishes and the January bills.By John William Smith from Hugs for the Holidays. Copyright ©1977 by Howard Publishing Co. Inc.

Different Types Of Leadership Styles - 976 Words

This paper discusses different type of leadership styles. Servant leadership is a leadership that was discovered by Robert K. Greenleaf. Greenleaf founds some key tools on how individuals can serve and be leaders at the same time while being effective. Many organization use this theory in their organizations rather it’s for- profit or non- profit. It will be explored on how organizations use this theory and how it works for them as well as what leadership style is used for my particular organization and how successful that style is compared to the servant leadership style. â€Å"Organizations succeed or fail not only because of how well they are led but because of how well followers follow† (Bateman Snell, 2014). There are many different types of leadership styles supervisory leadership, strategic leadership and democratic leadership; however one of the most focused on leaderships is one that Robert K. Greenleaf discovered it is called servant leadership. Servant leadership is a philosophy and set of practices that enriches the lives of individuals, builds better organizations and ultimately creates a more just and caring world (Bateman Snell, 2014). Greenleaf leadership style is used in many business and organizations today, but in other business they choose to use as different leadership style that works better in their line of business. As stated previously there are many different leadership styles. Strategic leadership is a leadership style in which behavior thatShow MoreRelatedDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1127 Words   |  5 PagesInfluence, goals, and people is what leadership has been built off of creating variations of different types of leadership traits and styles. Leadership is simply defined as the ability to impact people to obtain a certain goal or accomplishment. In any type of business or corporation, leadership is an overall activity that is only distinctive among people within an organization. Uncertainty is a variation that come with a leadership role. This variation makes a leader a quick thinker and valuesRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1718 Words   |  7 Pageskinds of leadership styles used to facilitate the actions of others. Mirriam-Webster.com defines leadership as â€Å"a position as a leader of a group, organization, etc†. Another more inclusive definition re garding the leading role is â€Å"managers motivating employees, directing their activities, selecting the most effective communication channels, or resolving conflicts among members† (Robbins, Judge, 2013). If a company or organization suffers from poor, none, or the wrong leadership styles, everyoneRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1799 Words   |  8 PagesLeadership Styles Different leadership styles There are many different types of leadership styles that are adjusted to suit different roles of jobs. All leadership styles have a direct reasoning to provide direction, as well as motivating individuals. Authoritarian Leadership (also known as autocratic) has a high level of control. It empowers people to follow the directions given. It is frequently considered a classic leadership style and is used when the leader wants to take as much control asRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1288 Words   |  6 Pagesthorough research work in how they define leadership and leadership behavior. Leadership students and researchers have described many different types of leadership styles. The democratic and autocratic leadership styles are just two of the most prominent leadership styles that have been identified in leadership literatures. In 1939, a group of researchers led by psychologist Kurt Lewin decided to identify the different types of leadership styles that exist in the modern world. This earlyRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles935 Words   |  4 Pagessupportive and they set the example for everyone to see. I think every successful leader follows this philosophy whether they realize it or not. I have worked for several leaders throughout my 21 plus year career and I have seen all different types of leadership styles. I have learned something from every leader I have worked for, whether they were a great leader who I wanted to emulate later on in my career, or the leader that I swore I would never be like. We learn from everyone that we work forRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles868 Words   |  4 PagesBeing an effective manager means knowing when to use the right management style. The six management styles are coaching, strategic, laissez- faire, bureaucratic, autocratic, and d emocratic. Managers have to perform many roles in an organization and knowing how they would handle difficult situations will depend on their style of management. The purpose of the paper is to understand a little about all the management styles and then which one best fits my personality and how it should be handled. BeingRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1330 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Leadership? Why are there so many types of Leadership? Which one is the right one? These are all important questions people who are trying to lead ask. John Maxwell a well-known author on leadership stated simply â€Å"Leadership is influence†. There are numerous types of leadership styles, they all have their strong points about them, and depending who you are the circumstances can dictate which type of person with what type of leadership style will be successful. In this paper I will discussRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leaders And Styles Of Leadership1590 Words   |  7 Page sobligation to be a leader (Dufour, Marzano, 2011). Leadership defined by Owen (2002) is, â€Å"A journey of discovery. It is the expression of a person at his or her best whose aim is to transform something for the better and to develop this potential in others. It is not a solitary pursuit but one that harnesses the energy of those around you. Leadership is a process in which leaders and followers engage to achieve mutual goals. Prentice (2004) defines leadership as the accomplishment of a goal through theRead MoreEssay about different types of leadership styles9138 Words   |  37 Pages 3. Among the different types of leadership styles, which style would be suitable to a democratic country like India to become superpower in business? Justify your answer. LEADERSHIP The only definition of a leader is someone who has followers. To gain followers requires influence but doesnt exclude the lack of integrity in achieving this. Indeed, it can be argued that several of the worlds greatest leaders have lacked integrity and have adopted values that would not be shared by manyRead MoreTypes Of Leadership Traits And Effective Leadership Styles That Will Be Best For Different Situations Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesothers. A true leader is one who has the power, passion, and ability to guide others in the right direction. Leadership is having the control and will power to direct any group of people towards a common goal. There are several types of leadership traits and effective leadership styles that will be best for different situations. If leadership was easy, everyone would be doing it. Leadership requires more than just a few hopeful words and promises. It takes passionate and knowledgeable individuals

Different Cultures, Beliefs And Costumes - 1590 Words

I think it is very important to be aware of other cultures, beliefs and costumes because as a future social worker, I should be able to give my support and services to clients as individuals. I think that every individual is unique; thus, I will take the time to validate their thoughts, feelings and experiences. Some individual’s feelings and experiences are originated from racial differences issues that are occurring. Therefore, being sensitive to a client’s need to express his or her feelings about this matter could go a long way. Racial Difference Awareness and Transition I was six years old when I first realized that racial differences exist. It was a year after I my parents decided to it would be best if my siblings and I lived in Jordan with my mother. My parents wanted my siblings and me to learn the Arab culture and the Islamic faith while we were still young. Prior to moving to Jordan, we lived in LaSalle, Illinois where all my friends were Caucasian. I never noticed being different because everyone around me was Caucasian, and no one pointed out that I was different at that time. Once we moved to Jordan, I began to notice that children and adults looked different, dressed different and even spoke an unfamiliar language. Although, I was a Muslim Arab just like them, I felt out of place and different than everyone else. I spoke English and very little Arabic, dressed in untraditional clothing, and I was unfamiliar with the traditions and customs of the JordanianShow MoreRelatedAsante And Samoan Dancing : Similarities And Differences1232 Words   |  5 Pagesthat I chose to compare and contrast were Asante and Samoan. These two cultures are very interesting to learn about and both of their dances were very entertaining to watch. They had their similarities and differences, but ultimately had one goal when performing and that was to exude joy and entertain those who were watching while they performed with their cultures throughout their dance. While wearing their detailed costumes, they both had very fast movements along to the beat of a drum mainly.Read MoreDay Of The Dead ( Or All Hallows Eve1593 Words   |  7 PagesThe end of October and beginning of November two very different yet also seemingly similar celebrations take place. Halloween (or All Hallows’ Eve) is celebrated on October 31 in several countries including the USA. It has its roots in pagan celebrations for the end of the harvest season, various festivals of the dead, and the Celtic Samhain festival. Day of the Dead (or Dia de los Muertos) is a Mexican holiday, which is also celebrated in parts of Latin America and in the U.S., to remember andRead MoreA Comparative Analysis: British and Chinese Clothing Concepts1598 Words   |  7 Pageshad their costumes emulated by other countries particularly the Arab countries all over the world because the cultural practices of Chinese people is very close to those of the Arabian countries. Norris and Curtis (1988), agree that culture has for a long time dictated how people dressed during the early times before civilization and globalization brought about universal clothing styles. Every society in the world has got its own clothing concepts that form part of its unique culture. Going byRead MoreSimilarities Between Halloween And Day Of The Dead1051 Words   |  5 Pageshouse to house asking for, mainly, candy. For adults, Halloween could mean parties, or handing out things to the children, or spending time with family. A similar holiday to Halloween, Day of the Dead. Day of the Dead is mainly limited to hispanic culture, however it has started to spread in more recent years. During Day of the Dead families create altars to attract and guide loved ones to their home, and the afterlife. Dà ­a de los Muertos consists of many community-wide celebrations, and parties. DuringRead MoreThe Mexican Day Of The Dead901 Words   |  4 Pagesrisks in exploring other cultures from a strictly descriptive point of view, especially when those descriptions do not originate from within the culture itself. External descriptions are virtually always skewed in their interpretati ons of the meanings and purposes of activities and traditions. When a person reads a portrayal of a culture other than their own, that information is filtered through their own cultural view. They are unlikely to be able to see behaviors and beliefs from the perspective ofRead MoreBrazil And Caribbean Culture Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesWithin Brazil and the Caribbean lies a racial mixture of cultures. Since the 1930s the people have, overall, enthusiastically adopted the notion that racial and cultural mixture defines this regions national identity (Samba 1). This region consists of a very historic background which has shaped the beliefs and customs of celebration, music and dance. Sugar cane was brought to the new worldRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Amalia Hernandez And Deer Dance Of The Yaqui Indians 757 Words   |  4 Pagespopular dance company in the entire world. More than 60 regions of Mexico were incorporated into her performances. Amalia Hernandez’s work and style incorporated many different cultures and themes. Many dances were fiesta themed and incorporated beautiful different colors and costumes. Fiesta theme performances were fun and different to watch. The vibrant colors and creativity made them unique and festive. A great deal of Mexican history was also incorporated in Hernandez’s work as well. OneRead MoreAnalysis of a Hindu Reflection and Research Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pageshear things better explained after leaving the sanctuary. I really respect the fact that the Hindu’s can give that much focus, energy, passion, and attention to worship for that long. I found it interesting to learn that Hinduism had many different denominations. I knew other religions had denominations, but I just always considered Hinduism as one big religion. I thought it was very interesting how they offer fruit’s as sacrifices to their gods. I figure there is some reason to why they chooseRead MoreCultural Appropriation Is Inevitable Like Globalization1546 Words   |  7 Pagesexchanges of ideas, beliefs, and technology, the greater chance of cultural appropriation. This phenomenon is called globalization. Cultural appropriation is inevitable, but it can be viewed in a positive perspective instead of the current negative one. Consider the first time blue jeans became popular in American culture, now across the global people wear blue jeans and some consider it a major part of American culture (). The piece of clot hing is so synonymous with American culture some countries likeRead MoreReview of Mass Man by Derek Walcott1394 Words   |  6 PagesWalcott is showing how black men, the ordinary descendants of slaves, are trying to imitate those who once enslaved them, via their mass costumes. â€Å"Through a great lion’s head clouded by mange / a black clerk growls.† At first glance, it reads that a black man, who is a clerk, is wearing a costume that is supposed to be the head of a great lion, but instead the costume looks haggard and diseased. Its symbolic representation however, is tied to the literal representation through the common history that

A Child Labour Problem In India Free Essays

After independence Child labour is a major problem in India. The major determinate child labour is Poverty. Even though children are paid less then adults, what ever income they earn is of benefit to poor families. We will write a custom essay sample on A Child Labour Problem In India or any similar topic only for you Order Now India has the largest number of children employed than any other country in the world. According to the statistics provided by the Govt. f India around 90 million out of 179 million children in the six to 14 age groups do not go to school and are engaged in some occupation or other works. This means 50% of children are deprived of their right to a free and happy childhood. Unofficially, this figure exceeds 100 million but the fact that a large number of children are works without wages in field or in cottage alongside their parents, unreported by census, makes it very difficult to estimate accurately. However, it is estimated that if there working children constituted a country it would be the 11th largest country in the world. A large number of children work in a cottage industries, matches, firecrackers, bidis, brassware, diamond, aluminum industries, glass, hosiery, hand loomed cloth, embroidery, leather goods, plastic bangles, mica mines, coal mines, hotels, rickshaw puller, local liquor industry, auto shop, vegetable shop Brick in and sporting goods. The highest numbers of children are found in agricultural sector. Poverty has often been cited as the reason for child labour problem in India while it is true that the poorest, most disadvantaged sector of Indian Society supply the vast majority of child labourers, child labour actually creates an perpetuates poverty as it displaces adults from their jobs and also condemns the child to a life of unskilled badly paid work. How to cite A Child Labour Problem In India, Papers

Role of Financial Intermediary for Bread Talk Group †Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Role of Financial Intermediary for Bread Talk Group. Answer: Role of financial intermediary and how the bank could be able to exercise caution in lending money to their customers The financial intermediation or intermediary like a bank, in this case DBS concurrently interrelates with the lenders or savers as well as those borrowing funds and generates a range of services which are helpful in transforming its obligations like deposits into assets which could be loans. The role of the facilitation of these assets or liabilities into liabilities or assets is referred to as intermediation. The intermediaries permit indirect lending as well as borrowing between borrowers and savers through intermediation. The lending directly between savers as well as borrowers alludes to barter trade which is characterized by inefficiencies in the market. A double coincidence of wants has to take place for financial transactions to be completed like in barter trade. Individuals with saved funds must have a particular sum of funds which they will be willing to give lenders for a given time period. These holders of savings have to find an individual who needs to be lent these funds in matching conditions, and the underlying approximated sum of funds as the identical time period. Lending directly will allow an agreement of some kind that must be negotiated or bargained. Consequent contacts involving interest repayment as well as principle must be accounted for. Lenders will also encounter another problem of having restricted capability of diversification as well as minimizing their exposure to the risk of default. Like DBS, lenders attempt to undertake this by loaning very trivial amounts to various lendees. However, the transactions cost will be excessively up. These intermediaries are in existence since they have the ability to lower the cost of transaction while at the same time minimize default risk. Various functions have been associated with the financial intermediation. These institutions are able to enhance efficiency of economies in the following five channels. One of this channels is by facilitating transactions, creation of portfolio, spreading risk over time, reducing the problem of asymmetric information as well as easing the household liquidity constraints. Financial institutions permit the indirect lending or what is commonly known as the financial intermediaries and they include both deposit takers as well as non-deposit-takers. Some of the types of financial intermediaries include deposit-taking, insurance companies as well as pension fund and the third category is investment dealers as well as funds purely for investment in addition to financial institutions of governments. The deposit-taking organizations are christened depository institutions and admit as well as control deposits thereby making loans. Depository intermediaries are of two kinds; near banks and chartered banks. The chartered banks are larger than near banks and regulated federally whereas the regulation of near banks is done through a mixture of both federal and provincial regulations. Near banks entails trust corporations, credit unions and mortgage loan companies. Another intermediary is called insurance companies as well as pension funds whereby the insurers offer clients safeguard against a range of hazards whereas pension funds undertake the management of pension or pension plans like a registered retirement savings. Investment funds alongside additional other intermediaries whereby the funds are recognized as mutual funds for the venture in a vast variety of activities as well as instruments. There are also business and consumer financial intermediaries such as sales, finances as well as customer loan companies alongside investment dealers. Government financial institutions also form part of intermediation where deposit-taking government institutions undertake intermediation roles. Financial intermediaries, therefore, crate a vast variety of financial assets that investors can purchase and include in their respective portfolios. The portfolio diversification is, therefore, a product of financial intermediaries. The intermediaries facilitate the diversification of portfolios by with an increasing quantity of financial assets and hence assets with numerous risk levels thereby reducing the entire portfolio risk. In this regard, financial intermediaries assist stakeholders to decrease portfolio risk via portfolio formation. Financial intermediaries allow lending indirectly where savers lend funds to intermediaries, who subsequently, lend such money to borrowers. Financial intermediaries act as brokers as well as venders since they assume a possession place. Financial intermediaries incur deposit liabilities while acquiring securities at the same time. The financial intermediaries have gained considerable significance over the recent past. Despite this revelation, the literature affirms that businesses still have little understanding of its role particularly the implication of business undertaken by OFIs and its effects for monetary demand. Accordingly, the implication of OFIs on monetary and credit developments is increasingly attracting the attention of the central banks. The financial intermediaries hold money besides the monetary financial institutions (MFIs) and such money have become much more significance in the analysis of the monetary developments over the previous decades. OFIs, for example, provide financial services to the households and non-financial corporations as well as trade in financial markets on their individual behalf. The sector of the financial intermediary include financial institutions established by MFIs to enhance the securitization of loans which would otherwise be held on the MFIS balance sheet. Credit lending The credit lending is an important factor that shapes the ability of the business to expand. Many business cannot raise the required capital on their own but perform increasingly well when given the opportunity to access credit from the credit lending institutions. As for the DBS, it has also benefited from this arrangement where it has been able to access loans from various credit lending institutions at some interest and hence has been able to successfully expand its operation in the world. Credit lenders, therefore, ensures the continuity of the businesses even during the recession or downturns so that business have the capacity to surpass hard times. Caution in Credit Lending Even though credit lending has been beneficial for a number of companies, caution is to be taken when acquiring loans. Companies must be aware of the rates of interests to be paid in return before taken in loans. Loans attracts interests besides the principal amounts and hence there is a need for companies to be wary of the terms and conditions of the loans. A firm must be able to showcase its ability to pay for these loans before being given the opportunity to acquire them. A firm should be able to showcase this through its current ratio since giving a company too much credits will mean that the entire firm is a liability of the creditors and this makes the firm unable to make its own decision but to have limited powers. A firm should only borrow money for investment and not to pay salaries and wages since the money borrowed should be seen to bring back profits to the firm. Asymmetric information and the measures that DBS bank should have taken prior to granting of a loan facility and after the loan money have been issued to the customer. Asymmetric Information The problem of asymmetric information arise from a condition whereby one party to a contract owns knowledge which the other person lacks. The asymmetric information problem provide the background for the moral hazard and adverse selection problems. DBS could have gathered and communicated information regarding the range of features of financial assets as well as performance of market to both demanders and suppliers of financial assets including Jason Holdings. This could have helped DBS to decrease the information gap between the entities, hence the problem of asymmetric information. Role of Asymmetric Information Asymmetric information describes information failure and it comes in when one party to an economic transaction possess greater substantial acquaintance than the other party. This normally manifest itself when the seller of a good or service has a greater knowledge compared to the buyer, though the conflicting is conceivable. With asymmetric information existing in the market, it is quite hard for the buyers to have the adequate information regarding the service or the product to make informed decisions. The presence of asymmetric information in the economy may make the company or the seller to benefit at the expense of the buyer. For effectiveness in the market, there is a need for both parties to adequate and update knowledge about the market so that all the decisions made are fact-based. Asymmetric information is therefore working against the perfect market arrangements and hence makes it difficult for people to transact favorably in the market. Measures before Loan Granted Loans cannot just be granted to anyone or any institutions. Various factors must be taken into consideration before one is granted the loan. One of these factors is the amount of loan required. One has to know the amount of loan require to be issued to the person who wants the loan before giving out the loan. Determining the amount of loan required makes it possible to accept or reject the loan application. Another crucial factor is the credit worthiness of the person who wants the loan. The lending entity must access worthy one is credit worth to be given the loan so as to prevent cases of default. Another factor is the duration of the loan as the longer the duration the higher the interest rates. One has to confirm the period one would wish to pay back his loan so that one does not make a mistake of issuing loans that cannot be paid back. The other factor that must be considered is the current loans that the applicant has in his portfolio. By gauging the running loans that one has, it is possible to determine whether one will be able to pay back the money or not. The higher loans one has the burden he has in paying back the loan and hence this should assist in rejecting the application. Another factor to be considered is the purpose of the loan being requested. One has to be prove that the loan is going to be put into better use and if he cannot prove this fact, then the loan should be rejected. Another factor to consider is the collateral from the application. Lenders must ensure there is security for the loan in order to issue the loan. This is significance since the securities can be used to pay for long in case of a defaulter. Another factor should be the guarantor. Lenders need to ensure that any person who wants the loan has a guarantor who is credit worth and also wealthy enough to pay in case of the default. Another issue that has to be checked on the side of the applicant is the interest rates charged by the banks or any lending institutions and the penalties in case of delayed repayment or default. This will allow the applicant to make up his mind on whether or not to take the loan and accept the terms of conditions attached to such liabilities. Measures after Loan Granted Various measures must also be taken after the loan has been granted. One of these measures is to ensure that the loan is put to the use as reflected in the application. Taking this measure is crucial since if the loan is not used for the purpose it was taken, there is a high risk that the person will default. Lending institutions should therefore sends the agents to check and ensure that the projects for which the loans were taken are implemented strictly. Another factor that should be taken is to create a relationships with the person who took the loan by giving him or her pieces of advice on how to use the money to meet the intended purpose. This will ensure that the lenders follow strictly the progress of the loan lent to be able to make a decision whether one will default and make the necessary decision early enough to avoid the loss of the entire loan. Another factor that should be taken into consideration is to always remind the client of the day of the repayment in advance unt il the actual day so as to keep them on toes to repay the loan lent to them. Identification of the problems/issues apply the academic concepts/theories on what DBS bank should do to protect itself from further loss since a letter of demand has been issued to the company The issue is triggered by the letter of demand sent by local lender, DBS. The Bank solicitors sent the letter cancelling particular banking facilities granted to Jason Parquet Specialist. The Bank letter of demand indicates a demand of about S$7.29 million. Jason Holdings is said to have guaranteed this repayment amount as said by the group in a filing to the local bourse. Jason Holdings is disputing this and has its board of directors seeking legal advice on a letter of demand. DBS has given Jason Holdings an ultimatum to repay the stated amount within a week. The solicitors of DBS bank has taken this step as a measure to safeguard the interest of the bank alongside the commencement of a legal proceedings as well as realization of any security. The shareholders are subsequently stranded alongside potential investors since the may lose their investment. DBS should ensure that no more issuance of shares takes place in Jason Holdings by seeking a court order to this effect. Concept / Theory (1) The problems in issuing or lending can be dealt with based on the requirement for security or collateral. Whereas many lending institutions require a proof of security, other lenders have waived this requirement and are taking risks to lend people loans even without interest. This has created a conflict and a problem among the lending institutions and hence making it even hard to access loans. However, it is required that loan applicants provide their securities. The problem is even further compounded the types of securities acceptable to the lending institutions. This creates a problem since at one hand lenders would want to make a profit by granting loans while at the same time, their hands are tied on the choice of the security for loans to be issued. It calls for trust between the lender and the lender to give and repay the loan. This trust be very difficult to gain and hence derailing the issuance of loans even though people and organization could be in serious and genuine needs for these loans. Concept / Theory (2) Another concept or theory is that of the interest rates. Higher interest rates are charged on loans which take a longer period to be paid. However, loans that are payable in short duration tends to attract low interest rates. On one hand, the lenders require that their loans be paid back with interest but at the same require to maximize on the interest paid. A problem arises where lender may fear that people may default if loans take longer time be repaid while at the same time they wish that should the loans stay for long and be paid eventually they will earn more. Lenders on the other hand would wish to have adequate time to use the money before repaying. However, this desire is limited to the fact that they will pay much interest than they would do if they pay within a short period of time. Another problem that exist based on the interest rates is the amount of the interest to be paid on top of the principal amount. Some lenders will issue loans without the collateral but charge high interest due to the high rates of defaulter whereas other lenders will tend to charge low interest as a motivation for repayment. To the loan application they have to contend with the problem of high interest rates so as to benefit from the money they have received as loans. Concept / Theory (3) The third concept is the issue or the theory of grace period. Lenders would want to minimize the grace period before one starts to repay the loans back whereas those who take the loan would advocate lengthy grace periods. It is therefore a problem which may derail the duration within which a loan application is finalized. While lenders want shorter grace period as an assurance that they will receive their lent money, the loanees require lengthy period to reorganize and start paying for loans without feeling the heat of the loan. They first need to make some money out of the loan and remit it back to the business to make more profits so that at the time they start repaying of the loans, they already have the opportunity to remain stable without being disrupted in their operation for the continuity of their businesses. Topic Two: Financial System Brief Background information of Bread Talk Group Bread Talk group was founded in 2000 in Singapore as well has quickly stretched to be a unique everyday brand proprietor hence created a brand or place in the international phase with its bakery, restaurant, as well as food atrium footpaths. Currently, the company has almost one thousand outlets in seventeen locations and generates culinary magic for daily recipes which one savor, bringing together individuals with preference as well as tastes around the globe. The company has a staff strength of seven employees and runs over eight fifty bakeries. It has globally much-admired Din Tai Fund restaurants in Singapore alongside (Shaviro 2011, p. 65) Thailand and sixty prized Food Republic food atria in Hong Kong, Thailand, China, Taiwan, Malaysia, as well as Singapore. The financial results of this Group alongside the stock information as well as share prices alongside the corporate presentation all display a successful company alongside its annual reports and circulars. The Group is deeply committed to providing timely, accurate as well as concise financial information. The franchise of the Group is offers rewarding careers while making a material change to individuals in their societies. The Group is deeply committed to providing timely, accurate as well as concise financial information. The franchise of the Group is offering satisfying careers whereas making an actual change to individuals in the societies. The Group quickly expand its franchise work as well as presently looking for well-matched enterprises to be part of its growing success. The Group has forged partnership in Thailand, Hong Kong, China, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia, Indonesia Kuwait, Philippines, Oman and many other countries to date. The Gr oup further looks forward to working with fervent and concurring partners to remain a force to reckon with in a global perspective. Examining and illustrating the financial system components of the Singapore The examination and assessment of Financial System of Singapore reveals a well-regulated system. As announced by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), assessment under the IMFs FSAP demonstrates that Singapores financial system is well-regulated as well as highly developed. Such an assessment has affirmed Singapore standing as a sound as well as stable financial center. Singapore Financial System has a high degree of international standards compliance for the supervision and regulation of the banking, insurance as well as securities sector alongside the financial markets infrastructures all which are key components of Singapores Financial System. The stress test of the system shows that banks and insurers in Singapore are resilient to adverse macroeconomics situations. The crisis management as well as resolution component arrangements in Singapore are strong. Singapore has the required legal framework with responsibilities and tools allocated among the public entities as well as robust organizations for information coordination and sharing. Explaining the types of financial products and services offered by financial intermediaries and their roles in the Singapore financial system which the business community can access The insurance companies as intermediaries assist investors deal with a risky investment by issuing policies that enable the investors to insure against the risk of default. The insurance company thus offer insurance and assist in spreading the risk of default to investors. Financial advisers offer specialist advice on the behalf on an investor thereby saving them understanding the details of the financial markets as well as utilizing time searching for the best investment. The credit union which are informal kinds of banks offer amenities for lending as well as depositing inside a given community. Mutual funds or investment trust describes mutual investment schemes which pool the small savings of one investor and subsequently permit a large investment fund. This makes small investors the beneficiaries of being part of the large investment trust which allow them benefit from small commission rates available to large purchases. Loans are one of the major financial product given to the clients. Financial institutions give loans to the traders to expand their business and in return get profits through the payment of interest rates. Mortgages are also essential financial products issued to the clients. People and organization get mortgages and promise to pay in the future. Deposits are also financial products where the people are given an opportunity to deposit their money in the banks to earn interest on deposits. People and organizations use this as the means of wealth creation. Key business activities Bread Talk Group The Group has a family of eight thrilling brands which have altered the way one would view his everyday staples. It has revolutionized the bakery since two thousand, where it conceits itself on savoring clients with its blend of exclusive ideas which have projected new food cultures traversing its restaurant, bakery and food atrium divisions. The Group seeks to revolutionize and undertake processes in a unique style as they instill imaginative differentiation in their retail notions thereby value creation for clients as well as deliver the food one loves. The Group has gathered customer and industry tributes alike from an assembly of global organizations. How Bread Talk Group can access the financial systems through the use of financial markets, financial intermediaries and financial instruments to facilitate its business activities. Bread Talk has the ability to access financial systems via financial intermediaries and markets, as financial instruments. Financial markets This is that market for financial assets or instruments and it is a contrivance by which sellers (borrowers) and buyers (lenders) of financial asset including Bread Talk meet thus facilitating lending directly. They exist to offer various services to the enterprises. Without the assistance of financial markets, many business can have daunting challenges. Over the recent past, there is been a growth in the financial markets and their continued support to business. Many securities are traded in these markets through their financial institutions. Many firms do benefit from these transaction since they keep various portfolio which increasingly bring advantages of stability as they diverse the risk from one security to the next. Financial markets are therefore important markets that have acted as the backup for firms in a global perspective. Stability in the financial markets is an added advantage to the business since they are assured of the continuity of their business as they get advis ory services which make their operation blossom. The Group has penetrated various markets through its partnership. It has fully penetrated and globally much-admired Din Tai Fund eateries in Singapore alongside Thailand and sixty prized Food Republic food atria in Hong Kong, Taiwan, China, Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore. Also the firm is doing successfully well in Singapore markets with clients giving positives feedbacks year round. Financial intermediaries Financial intermediaries are very important to business since they dictate the money supply and demand in the economy. Financial intermediaries have served as agents or bridging the gaps between traders and the financial institutions which facilitate the operation of the financial markets and the businesses in a global perspective. The duration that one would take, for example, trying to reach out to the financial market is shortened due to the presence of the financial intermediaries. The time recovered is shifted to other critical functions which eventually lead to increase productivity and hence profitability index shoots. The intermediaries exist in this financial markets to help Bread Talk with in various ways. They can insure Bread Talk though insurance companies and can as well give advisory services through financial advisers. Credit union will also benefit Bread Talk by providing facilities for lending as well as depositing. Also mutual funds or investment trust are mutual i nvestment schemes which can pool small saving from individuals investors including Bread Talk to enable a larger investment fund. Bread Talk may benefit from mutual funds by receiving smaller commission rates available to big purchases. Bread Talk will also benefit from the lower search cost, economies of scale as well as convenient amounts offered by financial intermediaries. It has its intermediaries throughout its worldwide commended Din Tai Fund cafeterias in Singapore alongside Thailand and sixty valued Food Republic food atria in Hong Kong, China, Taiwan, Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore which gives it an international presence and hence continued to partner with other like-minded organization globally. Financial Instruments These are the monetary contracts between parties and can be created, traded, modified as well as settled. These instruments may also be cash, evidence of a possession interest in a firm or share and they can as well be contractual right to deliver and receive cash, called bonds. Bread Talk Group is driven by its individual internal Research and Development club whereby their Masterchefs invoke cooking enchanted for a variety of recipes which people savour from their brands daily (Abbasian et al. 2015, p. 67). It is collaborating with a global group of consultant from Japan, France, Germany, Taiwan and Spain thus aiming at bringing people the best amalgamation of cookery talents which encapsulates a range of tastes. Combing the best of Asian and Western influences thus finalizing a blend of indigenous culture with superiority ingredients as well as their Chefs recent world motivations. It issues bonds and shares as well as other financial securities to boost its business. Academic Review Agency problem Agent problem is inevitable in Bread Talk Group since it is a large firm utilizing the principal-agency principles to drive its agenda. Since the Group employs over 800 staff, the conflicts arise when driving its agenda. Another agency problem exist since the Group has various partnerships with the people working on their behalf. Relevancy Understand the agency problem is essential in helping the Group to address the issues arising from such an arrangement. Accordingly, the Bread Talk Group will has to deal with these problems much better when they are aware of these problems. References Abbasian, M.M., Royaee, R., Yeganeh, Y.H. and Yaghoob-Nezhad, A., 2015. The Influence of Accounting Standard Precision on Auditors Decisions. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(1 (s)), p.191. Agtarap-San, J. D. (2007). Fundamentals of accounting: Basic accounting principles simplified for accounting students. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. Aisbitt, S., 2002. Tax and accounting rules: some recent developments. European Business Review, 14(2), pp.92-97. Bloomfield, R., Rennekamp, K. And Kadous, K., 2010. Experimental Research in Financial Reporting: From the Laboratory to the Virtual World. The Accounting Review, 85(4), pp.1473-1474. Boulus, P. and Dowding, K., 2014. The press and issue framing in the Australian mining tax debate. Australian Journal of Political Science, 49(4), pp.694-710. Brewer, G. D., Stern, P. C., National Research Council (U.S.)., National Research Council (U.S.). (2005). Decision making for the environment: Social and behavioral science research priorities. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. Chambers, R. J. (2006). Accounting, evaluation and economic behavior. Sydney: Sydney University Press. Chapman, C. S., Hopwood, A. G., Shields, M. D. (2007). Handbook of management accounting research: [Volume 2]. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Chapman, C. S., Hopwood, A. G., Shields, M. D. (2009). Handbooks of Management Accounting Research: 3-Volume Set. Burlington: Elsevier. Christensen, P. O., Feltham, G. A. (2008). Performance evaluation. New York, NY: Springer. Dacian, C.D., Nicolae, A.C. and Nadia, A., 2012. The relationship between accounting and taxationthe Romanian accounting environment. Annals of Faculty of Economics, 1(1), pp.894-900. Frontiers of business, management and economics: An interdisciplinary. (2013). S.l.: Universal-Publishers Com. Gaffikin, M., 2005. Regulation as accounting theory. Hermanson, R. H., Edwards, J. D., Salmonson, R. F. (1987). Accounting principles. Plano, Tex: Business Publications. Heylen, F., Ooghe, H., Vander, V. R. (2000). The economic and business consequences of the EMU: A challenge for governments, financial institutions and firms. Boston [u.a.: Kluwer Acad. Publ. Hill, C. A., McDonnell, B. H. (2012). Research Handbook on the Economics of Corporate Law. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub. James, S., 2002. The relationship between accounting and taxation. Knauer, N.J., 2013. Critical Tax Policy: A Pathway to Reform?. Northwestern Journal of Law and Social Policy, 9. Martinez, L.P. and Martinez, J.M., 2011. Internal Revenue Code and Latino Realities: A Critical Perspective, The. U. Fla. JL Pub. Pol'y, 22, p.377. McKnight, D. and Hobbs, M., 2013. Public contest through the popular media: The mining industry's advertising war against the Australian Labor government. Australian Journal of Political Science, 48(3), pp.307-319. Miller, J.A., 2000. Equal taxation: A commentary. Hofstra L. Rev., 29, p.529. Parker, L, Guthrie, J Linacre, S 2011, 'The relationship between academic accounting research and professional practice', Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 5-14. Shaviro, D., 2011. Tax Reform Implications of the Risk of a US Budget Catastrophe. U. Louisville L. Rev., 50, p.577. Unegbu, A.O., 2014. Theories of Accounting: Evolution Developments, Income-Determination and Diversities in Use. arXiv preprint arXiv:1411.4633.