Letter to Friend Congratulating on Sucess free essay sample

It gives me extraordinary joy that you have topped the rundown of effective up-and-comers in the Board Examination. It is even more awesome to discover that you have made sure about qualification in all the subjects and in Mathematics you have made sure about 99% imprints. Your fantastic achievement involves pride for your family, companions, educators and our school also. It is, indeed, the consequence of your difficult work and devotion, penance and focus. You have been exceptionally reliable up and down your investigations. You never disregarded your examinations. It has paid well at this point. To be sure, it is a snapshot of festivity especially for your folks who have been extremely cautious for every one of your needs and solaces. This achievement has opened up the entryway to different open doors for your profession. You can get confirmation in any of the great universities in India. A splendid future anticipates you. Your splendid achievement has made sure about your profession. We will compose a custom exposition test on Letter to Friend Congratulating on Sucess or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Again my heartiest congrats on the glad event I am certain you will keep up this exhibition in future. Keep upthespiritand be mindful so as to your wellbeing and execution. We will met soon to have a treat. With loads of good wishes for a splendid future. Yours genuinely, Rishika My Dear Pramod, I am happy to see your outcome in today’s Rakasthan Patrika. Your exceptional exhibition in the RAS assessment has made sure about you a decent position. I passed on this glad news to my dad who was sitting adjacent to me. He excessively was thrilled. I thank god for his consideration and wish you a splendid future. You have been clever and tireless in your school and school days. Positively, your prosperity is expected to god’s beauty just as your difficult work and convenient direction of your regarded guardians. Keep it up! You will be of incredible resource for your family and increasingly over to this country. If it's not too much trouble direct your sister likewise to defeat her IAS assessments which are expected in November. It would be ideal if you pass on my deferential commendations to your folks. Once more, congrats to you! Yours truly, Raj Kumar

Creating False Memories Essay Example for Free

Making False Memories Essay The cerebrum works in odd manners. The article entitled â€Å"Creating False Memories†, by Elizabeth F. Loftus, is an article about simply that. The examinations remembered for the article are evidence that the mind can bend certain recollections so as to fit them to a proposal made by another person; or a recommendation can make whole bogus recollections. A few people are more vulnerable than others to â€Å"remember† a bogus memory when a recommendation is made, however all things considered, anybody could â€Å"remember† a bogus memory. The article appeared to call attention to that more seasoned recollections that would be less obvious in the first place, for example, cherished recollections, are simpler for recommendations to wind than a memory that occurred as of late. While perusing the segment captioned â€Å"Imagination Inflation†, it became evident that even one that was perusing the article, on the off chance that one took the model proposals given in the article, at that point it would be extraordinarily enticing to recollect things that were envisioned. One would understand that it was just creative mind at work, however whenever asked a couple of days after the fact what was recalled about it, it is anything but difficult to accept that it was a genuine memory. In what manner can one genuinely recognize memory and creative mind? On the other hand, is the memory of a demonstration of creative mind not a genuine memory in itself? There are numerous ways that one could be confounded regarding this matter, in light of the fact that in fact, recollections of envisioned things can be genuine recollections. Memory and creative mind are so firmly related that it would be hard to differentiate between the two. What was particularly inconceivable about this article was the area captioned â€Å"Impossible Memories. † Individuals really recollected viewpoints from their second day of life, despite the fact that this is restoratively outlandish. It is basic information that individuals can't start to shape recollections that would be recalled into adulthood until the age of a few. However, given a proposal, individuals will simply go for it. It could be the â€Å"imagination inflation† hypothesis at work, and it most likely is. Numerous individuals are affected day by day about what happens when youngsters are conceived or how kids are dealt with in a medical clinic directly after birth. Individuals hear stories, see the situation in TV and film, and maybe have been there when a kin was conceived. Be that as it may, can certain individuals really recall their births or presently? All things considered, there are special cases to each standard. This article made for intriguing perusing. The examinations utilized are noteworthy and it bodes well. It is difficult to accept that specialists can, either purposely or accidentally, give their patients proposals so as to make bogus recollections. What number of individuals are extremely mindful of what others state to them or how it may influence them? The article is convincing and it makes one mull over how their cerebrum functions. It makes one consider what number of the â€Å"memories† one accepts are genuine recollections from adolescence are in reality evident recollections or bogus recollections. Where youth is concerned, most people need to depend on guardians or family members to hand-off stories, yet consider the possibility that those recollections are wrong. This is the purpose of the article. The human cerebrum is so confounded and sensitive that on the off chance that one isn't cautious who comprehends what sort of harm should be possible. Loftus, Elizabeth F. â€Å"Creating False Memories. † Scientific American. 277. 3 (September 1997): 70-75.

The Gift of Forgiveness Christmas Story

The Gift of Forgiveness â€" Christmas Story The Christmas of 1949 we didn’t have a tree. My dad had as much pride as anybody, I suppose, so he wouldn’t just say that we couldn’t afford one.When I mentioned it, my mother said that we weren’t going to have one this year, that we couldn’t afford one, and even if we could â€" it was stupid to clutter up your house with a dead tree. I wanted a tree badly though, and I thought â€" in my naive way â€" that if we had one, everybody would feel better.About three days before Christmas, I was out collecting for my paper route. It was fairly late â€" long after dark â€" it was snowing and very cold.I went to the apartment building to try to catch a customer who hadn’t paid me for nearly two months â€" she owed me seven dollars.Much to my surprise, she was home. She invited me in and not only did she pay me, she gave me a dollar tip! It was a windfall for me â€" I now had eight whole dollars.What happened next was totally unplanned. On the way home, I walked past a Christmas t ree lot and the idea hit me.The selection wasn’t very good because it was so close to the holiday, but there was this one real nice tree. It had been a very expensive tree and no one had bought it; now it was so close to Christmas that the man was afraid no one would.He wanted ten dollars for it, but when I â€" in my gullible innocence â€" told him I only had eight, he said he might sell it for that.I really didn’t want to spend the whole eight dollars on the tree, but it was so pretty that I finally agreed.I dragged it all the way home â€" about a mile, I think â€" and I tried hard not to damage it or break off any limbs.The snow helped to cushion it, and it was still in pretty good shape when I got home.You can’t imagine how proud and excited I was. I propped it up against the railing on our front porch and went in.My heart was bursting as I announced that I had a surprise.I got Mom and Dad to come to the front door and then I switched on the porch light.Where did you get th at tree? my mother exclaimed.But it wasn’t the kind of exclamation that indicates pleasure.I bought it up on Main Street. Isn’t it just the most perfect tree you ever saw? I said, trying to maintain my enthusiasm.Where did you get the money? Her tone was accusing and it began to dawn on me that this wasn’t going to turn out as I had planned.From my paper route. I explained about the customer who had paid me.And you spent the whole eight dollars on this tree? she exclaimed.She went into a tirade about how stupid it was to spend my money on a dumb tree that would be thrown out and burned in a few days.She told me how irresponsible I was and how I was just like my dad with all those foolish, romantic, noble notions about fairy tales and happy endings and that it was about time I grew up and learned some sense about the realities of life and how to take care of money and spend it on things that were needed and not on silly things.She said that I was going to end up in the poorhous e because I believe in stupid things like Christmas trees, things that didn’t amount to anything.I just stood there. My mother had never talked to me like that before and I couldn’t believe what I was hearing.I felt awful and I began to cry. Finally, she reached out and snapped off the porch light.Leave it there, she said. Leave that tree there till it rots, so every time we see it, we’ll all be reminded of how stupid the men in this family are.Then she stormed up the stairs to her bedroom and we didn’t see her until the next day.Dad and I brought the tree in and we made a stand for it.He got out the box of ornaments and we decorated it as best as we could; but men aren’t too good at things like that, and besides, it wasn’t the same without mom.There were a few presents under it by Christmas day â€" although I can’t remember a single one of them â€" but Mom wouldn’t have anything to do with it.It was the worst Christmas I ever had.Fast forward to today, Judi and I ma rried in August of 1963, and dad died on October 10 of that year. Over the next eight years, we lived in many places. Mom sort of divided up the year â€" either living with my sister Jary or with us.In 1971 we were living in Wichita, Kansas â€" Lincoln was about seven, Brendan was three and Kristen was a baby. Mom was staying with us during the holidays. On Christmas Eve I stayed up very late. I was totally alone with my thoughts, alternating between joy and melancholy, and I got to thinking about my paper route, that tree, what my mother had said to me and how Dad had tried to make things better.I heard a noise in the kitchen and discovered that it was mom. She couldn’t sleep either and had gotten up to make herself a cup of hot tea â€" which was her remedy for just about everything. As she waited for the water to boil, she walked into the living room and discovered me there. She saw my open Bible and asked me what I was reading. When I told her, she asked if I would read it to h er and I did.When the kettle began to whistle, she went and made her tea. She came back, and we started to visit. I told her how happy I was that she was with us for Christmas and how I wished that Dad could have lived to see his grandchildren and to enjoy this time because he always loved Christmas so. It got very quiet for a moment and then she said, Do you remember that time on Twelve Mile Road when you bought that tree with your paper route money?Yes, I said, I’ve just been thinking about it you know.She hesitated for a long moment, as though she were on the verge of something that was bottled up so deeply inside her soul that it might take surgery to get it out. Finally, great tears started down her face and she cried, Oh, son, please forgive me.That time and that Christmas have been a burden on my heart for twenty-five years. I wish your dad were here so I could tell him how sorry I am for what I said. Your dad was a good man and it hurts me to know that he went to his grave without ever hearing me say that I was sorry for that night. Nothing will ever make what I said right, but you need to know that your dad never did have any money sense (which was all too true).We were fighting all the time though not in front of you we were two months behind in our house payments, we had no money for groceries, your dad was talking about going back to Arkansas and that tree was the last straw. I took it all out on you. It doesn’t make what I did right, but I hoped that someday, when you were older, you would understand. I’ve wanted to say something for ever so long and I’m so glad it’s finally out.Well, we both cried a little and held each other and I forgave her â€" it wasn’t hard, you know.Then we talked for a long time, and I did understand; I saw what I had never seen and the bitterness and sadness that had gathered up in me for all those years gradually washed away.It was marvelously simple.The great gifts of this season â€" or any season â€" canâ €™t be put under the tree; you can’t wear them or eat them or drive them or play with them. We spend so much time on the lesser gifts â€" toys, sweaters, jewelry, the mint, anise and dill of Christmas â€" and so little on the great gifts â€" understanding, grace, peace and forgiveness. It’s no wonder that the holiday leaves us empty, because when it’s over, the only reminders we have are the dirty dishes and the January bills.By John William Smith from Hugs for the Holidays. Copyright ©1977 by Howard Publishing Co. Inc.

Different Types Of Leadership Styles - 976 Words

This paper discusses different type of leadership styles. Servant leadership is a leadership that was discovered by Robert K. Greenleaf. Greenleaf founds some key tools on how individuals can serve and be leaders at the same time while being effective. Many organization use this theory in their organizations rather it’s for- profit or non- profit. It will be explored on how organizations use this theory and how it works for them as well as what leadership style is used for my particular organization and how successful that style is compared to the servant leadership style. â€Å"Organizations succeed or fail not only because of how well they are led but because of how well followers follow† (Bateman Snell, 2014). There are many different types of leadership styles supervisory leadership, strategic leadership and democratic leadership; however one of the most focused on leaderships is one that Robert K. Greenleaf discovered it is called servant leadership. Servant leadership is a philosophy and set of practices that enriches the lives of individuals, builds better organizations and ultimately creates a more just and caring world (Bateman Snell, 2014). Greenleaf leadership style is used in many business and organizations today, but in other business they choose to use as different leadership style that works better in their line of business. As stated previously there are many different leadership styles. Strategic leadership is a leadership style in which behavior thatShow MoreRelatedDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1127 Words   |  5 PagesInfluence, goals, and people is what leadership has been built off of creating variations of different types of leadership traits and styles. Leadership is simply defined as the ability to impact people to obtain a certain goal or accomplishment. In any type of business or corporation, leadership is an overall activity that is only distinctive among people within an organization. Uncertainty is a variation that come with a leadership role. This variation makes a leader a quick thinker and valuesRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1718 Words   |  7 Pageskinds of leadership styles used to facilitate the actions of others. Mirriam-Webster.com defines leadership as â€Å"a position as a leader of a group, organization, etc†. Another more inclusive definition re garding the leading role is â€Å"managers motivating employees, directing their activities, selecting the most effective communication channels, or resolving conflicts among members† (Robbins, Judge, 2013). If a company or organization suffers from poor, none, or the wrong leadership styles, everyoneRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1799 Words   |  8 PagesLeadership Styles Different leadership styles There are many different types of leadership styles that are adjusted to suit different roles of jobs. All leadership styles have a direct reasoning to provide direction, as well as motivating individuals. Authoritarian Leadership (also known as autocratic) has a high level of control. It empowers people to follow the directions given. It is frequently considered a classic leadership style and is used when the leader wants to take as much control asRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1288 Words   |  6 Pagesthorough research work in how they define leadership and leadership behavior. Leadership students and researchers have described many different types of leadership styles. The democratic and autocratic leadership styles are just two of the most prominent leadership styles that have been identified in leadership literatures. In 1939, a group of researchers led by psychologist Kurt Lewin decided to identify the different types of leadership styles that exist in the modern world. This earlyRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles935 Words   |  4 Pagessupportive and they set the example for everyone to see. I think every successful leader follows this philosophy whether they realize it or not. I have worked for several leaders throughout my 21 plus year career and I have seen all different types of leadership styles. I have learned something from every leader I have worked for, whether they were a great leader who I wanted to emulate later on in my career, or the leader that I swore I would never be like. We learn from everyone that we work forRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles868 Words   |  4 PagesBeing an effective manager means knowing when to use the right management style. The six management styles are coaching, strategic, laissez- faire, bureaucratic, autocratic, and d emocratic. Managers have to perform many roles in an organization and knowing how they would handle difficult situations will depend on their style of management. The purpose of the paper is to understand a little about all the management styles and then which one best fits my personality and how it should be handled. BeingRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1330 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Leadership? Why are there so many types of Leadership? Which one is the right one? These are all important questions people who are trying to lead ask. John Maxwell a well-known author on leadership stated simply â€Å"Leadership is influence†. There are numerous types of leadership styles, they all have their strong points about them, and depending who you are the circumstances can dictate which type of person with what type of leadership style will be successful. In this paper I will discussRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leaders And Styles Of Leadership1590 Words   |  7 Page sobligation to be a leader (Dufour, Marzano, 2011). Leadership defined by Owen (2002) is, â€Å"A journey of discovery. It is the expression of a person at his or her best whose aim is to transform something for the better and to develop this potential in others. It is not a solitary pursuit but one that harnesses the energy of those around you. Leadership is a process in which leaders and followers engage to achieve mutual goals. Prentice (2004) defines leadership as the accomplishment of a goal through theRead MoreEssay about different types of leadership styles9138 Words   |  37 Pages 3. Among the different types of leadership styles, which style would be suitable to a democratic country like India to become superpower in business? Justify your answer. LEADERSHIP The only definition of a leader is someone who has followers. To gain followers requires influence but doesnt exclude the lack of integrity in achieving this. Indeed, it can be argued that several of the worlds greatest leaders have lacked integrity and have adopted values that would not be shared by manyRead MoreTypes Of Leadership Traits And Effective Leadership Styles That Will Be Best For Different Situations Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesothers. A true leader is one who has the power, passion, and ability to guide others in the right direction. Leadership is having the control and will power to direct any group of people towards a common goal. There are several types of leadership traits and effective leadership styles that will be best for different situations. If leadership was easy, everyone would be doing it. Leadership requires more than just a few hopeful words and promises. It takes passionate and knowledgeable individuals

Different Cultures, Beliefs And Costumes - 1590 Words

I think it is very important to be aware of other cultures, beliefs and costumes because as a future social worker, I should be able to give my support and services to clients as individuals. I think that every individual is unique; thus, I will take the time to validate their thoughts, feelings and experiences. Some individual’s feelings and experiences are originated from racial differences issues that are occurring. Therefore, being sensitive to a client’s need to express his or her feelings about this matter could go a long way. Racial Difference Awareness and Transition I was six years old when I first realized that racial differences exist. It was a year after I my parents decided to it would be best if my siblings and I lived in Jordan with my mother. My parents wanted my siblings and me to learn the Arab culture and the Islamic faith while we were still young. Prior to moving to Jordan, we lived in LaSalle, Illinois where all my friends were Caucasian. I never noticed being different because everyone around me was Caucasian, and no one pointed out that I was different at that time. Once we moved to Jordan, I began to notice that children and adults looked different, dressed different and even spoke an unfamiliar language. Although, I was a Muslim Arab just like them, I felt out of place and different than everyone else. I spoke English and very little Arabic, dressed in untraditional clothing, and I was unfamiliar with the traditions and customs of the JordanianShow MoreRelatedAsante And Samoan Dancing : Similarities And Differences1232 Words   |  5 Pagesthat I chose to compare and contrast were Asante and Samoan. These two cultures are very interesting to learn about and both of their dances were very entertaining to watch. They had their similarities and differences, but ultimately had one goal when performing and that was to exude joy and entertain those who were watching while they performed with their cultures throughout their dance. While wearing their detailed costumes, they both had very fast movements along to the beat of a drum mainly.Read MoreDay Of The Dead ( Or All Hallows Eve1593 Words   |  7 PagesThe end of October and beginning of November two very different yet also seemingly similar celebrations take place. Halloween (or All Hallows’ Eve) is celebrated on October 31 in several countries including the USA. It has its roots in pagan celebrations for the end of the harvest season, various festivals of the dead, and the Celtic Samhain festival. Day of the Dead (or Dia de los Muertos) is a Mexican holiday, which is also celebrated in parts of Latin America and in the U.S., to remember andRead MoreA Comparative Analysis: British and Chinese Clothing Concepts1598 Words   |  7 Pageshad their costumes emulated by other countries particularly the Arab countries all over the world because the cultural practices of Chinese people is very close to those of the Arabian countries. Norris and Curtis (1988), agree that culture has for a long time dictated how people dressed during the early times before civilization and globalization brought about universal clothing styles. Every society in the world has got its own clothing concepts that form part of its unique culture. Going byRead MoreSimilarities Between Halloween And Day Of The Dead1051 Words   |  5 Pageshouse to house asking for, mainly, candy. For adults, Halloween could mean parties, or handing out things to the children, or spending time with family. A similar holiday to Halloween, Day of the Dead. Day of the Dead is mainly limited to hispanic culture, however it has started to spread in more recent years. During Day of the Dead families create altars to attract and guide loved ones to their home, and the afterlife. Dà ­a de los Muertos consists of many community-wide celebrations, and parties. DuringRead MoreThe Mexican Day Of The Dead901 Words   |  4 Pagesrisks in exploring other cultures from a strictly descriptive point of view, especially when those descriptions do not originate from within the culture itself. External descriptions are virtually always skewed in their interpretati ons of the meanings and purposes of activities and traditions. When a person reads a portrayal of a culture other than their own, that information is filtered through their own cultural view. They are unlikely to be able to see behaviors and beliefs from the perspective ofRead MoreBrazil And Caribbean Culture Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesWithin Brazil and the Caribbean lies a racial mixture of cultures. Since the 1930s the people have, overall, enthusiastically adopted the notion that racial and cultural mixture defines this regions national identity (Samba 1). This region consists of a very historic background which has shaped the beliefs and customs of celebration, music and dance. Sugar cane was brought to the new worldRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Amalia Hernandez And Deer Dance Of The Yaqui Indians 757 Words   |  4 Pagespopular dance company in the entire world. More than 60 regions of Mexico were incorporated into her performances. Amalia Hernandez’s work and style incorporated many different cultures and themes. Many dances were fiesta themed and incorporated beautiful different colors and costumes. Fiesta theme performances were fun and different to watch. The vibrant colors and creativity made them unique and festive. A great deal of Mexican history was also incorporated in Hernandez’s work as well. OneRead MoreAnalysis of a Hindu Reflection and Research Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pageshear things better explained after leaving the sanctuary. I really respect the fact that the Hindu’s can give that much focus, energy, passion, and attention to worship for that long. I found it interesting to learn that Hinduism had many different denominations. I knew other religions had denominations, but I just always considered Hinduism as one big religion. I thought it was very interesting how they offer fruit’s as sacrifices to their gods. I figure there is some reason to why they chooseRead MoreCultural Appropriation Is Inevitable Like Globalization1546 Words   |  7 Pagesexchanges of ideas, beliefs, and technology, the greater chance of cultural appropriation. This phenomenon is called globalization. Cultural appropriation is inevitable, but it can be viewed in a positive perspective instead of the current negative one. Consider the first time blue jeans became popular in American culture, now across the global people wear blue jeans and some consider it a major part of American culture (). The piece of clot hing is so synonymous with American culture some countries likeRead MoreReview of Mass Man by Derek Walcott1394 Words   |  6 PagesWalcott is showing how black men, the ordinary descendants of slaves, are trying to imitate those who once enslaved them, via their mass costumes. â€Å"Through a great lion’s head clouded by mange / a black clerk growls.† At first glance, it reads that a black man, who is a clerk, is wearing a costume that is supposed to be the head of a great lion, but instead the costume looks haggard and diseased. Its symbolic representation however, is tied to the literal representation through the common history that

A Child Labour Problem In India Free Essays

After independence Child labour is a major problem in India. The major determinate child labour is Poverty. Even though children are paid less then adults, what ever income they earn is of benefit to poor families. We will write a custom essay sample on A Child Labour Problem In India or any similar topic only for you Order Now India has the largest number of children employed than any other country in the world. According to the statistics provided by the Govt. f India around 90 million out of 179 million children in the six to 14 age groups do not go to school and are engaged in some occupation or other works. This means 50% of children are deprived of their right to a free and happy childhood. Unofficially, this figure exceeds 100 million but the fact that a large number of children are works without wages in field or in cottage alongside their parents, unreported by census, makes it very difficult to estimate accurately. However, it is estimated that if there working children constituted a country it would be the 11th largest country in the world. A large number of children work in a cottage industries, matches, firecrackers, bidis, brassware, diamond, aluminum industries, glass, hosiery, hand loomed cloth, embroidery, leather goods, plastic bangles, mica mines, coal mines, hotels, rickshaw puller, local liquor industry, auto shop, vegetable shop Brick in and sporting goods. The highest numbers of children are found in agricultural sector. Poverty has often been cited as the reason for child labour problem in India while it is true that the poorest, most disadvantaged sector of Indian Society supply the vast majority of child labourers, child labour actually creates an perpetuates poverty as it displaces adults from their jobs and also condemns the child to a life of unskilled badly paid work. How to cite A Child Labour Problem In India, Papers

Role of Financial Intermediary for Bread Talk Group †Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Role of Financial Intermediary for Bread Talk Group. Answer: Role of financial intermediary and how the bank could be able to exercise caution in lending money to their customers The financial intermediation or intermediary like a bank, in this case DBS concurrently interrelates with the lenders or savers as well as those borrowing funds and generates a range of services which are helpful in transforming its obligations like deposits into assets which could be loans. The role of the facilitation of these assets or liabilities into liabilities or assets is referred to as intermediation. The intermediaries permit indirect lending as well as borrowing between borrowers and savers through intermediation. The lending directly between savers as well as borrowers alludes to barter trade which is characterized by inefficiencies in the market. A double coincidence of wants has to take place for financial transactions to be completed like in barter trade. Individuals with saved funds must have a particular sum of funds which they will be willing to give lenders for a given time period. These holders of savings have to find an individual who needs to be lent these funds in matching conditions, and the underlying approximated sum of funds as the identical time period. Lending directly will allow an agreement of some kind that must be negotiated or bargained. Consequent contacts involving interest repayment as well as principle must be accounted for. Lenders will also encounter another problem of having restricted capability of diversification as well as minimizing their exposure to the risk of default. Like DBS, lenders attempt to undertake this by loaning very trivial amounts to various lendees. However, the transactions cost will be excessively up. These intermediaries are in existence since they have the ability to lower the cost of transaction while at the same time minimize default risk. Various functions have been associated with the financial intermediation. These institutions are able to enhance efficiency of economies in the following five channels. One of this channels is by facilitating transactions, creation of portfolio, spreading risk over time, reducing the problem of asymmetric information as well as easing the household liquidity constraints. Financial institutions permit the indirect lending or what is commonly known as the financial intermediaries and they include both deposit takers as well as non-deposit-takers. Some of the types of financial intermediaries include deposit-taking, insurance companies as well as pension fund and the third category is investment dealers as well as funds purely for investment in addition to financial institutions of governments. The deposit-taking organizations are christened depository institutions and admit as well as control deposits thereby making loans. Depository intermediaries are of two kinds; near banks and chartered banks. The chartered banks are larger than near banks and regulated federally whereas the regulation of near banks is done through a mixture of both federal and provincial regulations. Near banks entails trust corporations, credit unions and mortgage loan companies. Another intermediary is called insurance companies as well as pension funds whereby the insurers offer clients safeguard against a range of hazards whereas pension funds undertake the management of pension or pension plans like a registered retirement savings. Investment funds alongside additional other intermediaries whereby the funds are recognized as mutual funds for the venture in a vast variety of activities as well as instruments. There are also business and consumer financial intermediaries such as sales, finances as well as customer loan companies alongside investment dealers. Government financial institutions also form part of intermediation where deposit-taking government institutions undertake intermediation roles. Financial intermediaries, therefore, crate a vast variety of financial assets that investors can purchase and include in their respective portfolios. The portfolio diversification is, therefore, a product of financial intermediaries. The intermediaries facilitate the diversification of portfolios by with an increasing quantity of financial assets and hence assets with numerous risk levels thereby reducing the entire portfolio risk. In this regard, financial intermediaries assist stakeholders to decrease portfolio risk via portfolio formation. Financial intermediaries allow lending indirectly where savers lend funds to intermediaries, who subsequently, lend such money to borrowers. Financial intermediaries act as brokers as well as venders since they assume a possession place. Financial intermediaries incur deposit liabilities while acquiring securities at the same time. The financial intermediaries have gained considerable significance over the recent past. Despite this revelation, the literature affirms that businesses still have little understanding of its role particularly the implication of business undertaken by OFIs and its effects for monetary demand. Accordingly, the implication of OFIs on monetary and credit developments is increasingly attracting the attention of the central banks. The financial intermediaries hold money besides the monetary financial institutions (MFIs) and such money have become much more significance in the analysis of the monetary developments over the previous decades. OFIs, for example, provide financial services to the households and non-financial corporations as well as trade in financial markets on their individual behalf. The sector of the financial intermediary include financial institutions established by MFIs to enhance the securitization of loans which would otherwise be held on the MFIS balance sheet. Credit lending The credit lending is an important factor that shapes the ability of the business to expand. Many business cannot raise the required capital on their own but perform increasingly well when given the opportunity to access credit from the credit lending institutions. As for the DBS, it has also benefited from this arrangement where it has been able to access loans from various credit lending institutions at some interest and hence has been able to successfully expand its operation in the world. Credit lenders, therefore, ensures the continuity of the businesses even during the recession or downturns so that business have the capacity to surpass hard times. Caution in Credit Lending Even though credit lending has been beneficial for a number of companies, caution is to be taken when acquiring loans. Companies must be aware of the rates of interests to be paid in return before taken in loans. Loans attracts interests besides the principal amounts and hence there is a need for companies to be wary of the terms and conditions of the loans. A firm must be able to showcase its ability to pay for these loans before being given the opportunity to acquire them. A firm should be able to showcase this through its current ratio since giving a company too much credits will mean that the entire firm is a liability of the creditors and this makes the firm unable to make its own decision but to have limited powers. A firm should only borrow money for investment and not to pay salaries and wages since the money borrowed should be seen to bring back profits to the firm. Asymmetric information and the measures that DBS bank should have taken prior to granting of a loan facility and after the loan money have been issued to the customer. Asymmetric Information The problem of asymmetric information arise from a condition whereby one party to a contract owns knowledge which the other person lacks. The asymmetric information problem provide the background for the moral hazard and adverse selection problems. DBS could have gathered and communicated information regarding the range of features of financial assets as well as performance of market to both demanders and suppliers of financial assets including Jason Holdings. This could have helped DBS to decrease the information gap between the entities, hence the problem of asymmetric information. Role of Asymmetric Information Asymmetric information describes information failure and it comes in when one party to an economic transaction possess greater substantial acquaintance than the other party. This normally manifest itself when the seller of a good or service has a greater knowledge compared to the buyer, though the conflicting is conceivable. With asymmetric information existing in the market, it is quite hard for the buyers to have the adequate information regarding the service or the product to make informed decisions. The presence of asymmetric information in the economy may make the company or the seller to benefit at the expense of the buyer. For effectiveness in the market, there is a need for both parties to adequate and update knowledge about the market so that all the decisions made are fact-based. Asymmetric information is therefore working against the perfect market arrangements and hence makes it difficult for people to transact favorably in the market. Measures before Loan Granted Loans cannot just be granted to anyone or any institutions. Various factors must be taken into consideration before one is granted the loan. One of these factors is the amount of loan required. One has to know the amount of loan require to be issued to the person who wants the loan before giving out the loan. Determining the amount of loan required makes it possible to accept or reject the loan application. Another crucial factor is the credit worthiness of the person who wants the loan. The lending entity must access worthy one is credit worth to be given the loan so as to prevent cases of default. Another factor is the duration of the loan as the longer the duration the higher the interest rates. One has to confirm the period one would wish to pay back his loan so that one does not make a mistake of issuing loans that cannot be paid back. The other factor that must be considered is the current loans that the applicant has in his portfolio. By gauging the running loans that one has, it is possible to determine whether one will be able to pay back the money or not. The higher loans one has the burden he has in paying back the loan and hence this should assist in rejecting the application. Another factor to be considered is the purpose of the loan being requested. One has to be prove that the loan is going to be put into better use and if he cannot prove this fact, then the loan should be rejected. Another factor to consider is the collateral from the application. Lenders must ensure there is security for the loan in order to issue the loan. This is significance since the securities can be used to pay for long in case of a defaulter. Another factor should be the guarantor. Lenders need to ensure that any person who wants the loan has a guarantor who is credit worth and also wealthy enough to pay in case of the default. Another issue that has to be checked on the side of the applicant is the interest rates charged by the banks or any lending institutions and the penalties in case of delayed repayment or default. This will allow the applicant to make up his mind on whether or not to take the loan and accept the terms of conditions attached to such liabilities. Measures after Loan Granted Various measures must also be taken after the loan has been granted. One of these measures is to ensure that the loan is put to the use as reflected in the application. Taking this measure is crucial since if the loan is not used for the purpose it was taken, there is a high risk that the person will default. Lending institutions should therefore sends the agents to check and ensure that the projects for which the loans were taken are implemented strictly. Another factor that should be taken is to create a relationships with the person who took the loan by giving him or her pieces of advice on how to use the money to meet the intended purpose. This will ensure that the lenders follow strictly the progress of the loan lent to be able to make a decision whether one will default and make the necessary decision early enough to avoid the loss of the entire loan. Another factor that should be taken into consideration is to always remind the client of the day of the repayment in advance unt il the actual day so as to keep them on toes to repay the loan lent to them. Identification of the problems/issues apply the academic concepts/theories on what DBS bank should do to protect itself from further loss since a letter of demand has been issued to the company The issue is triggered by the letter of demand sent by local lender, DBS. The Bank solicitors sent the letter cancelling particular banking facilities granted to Jason Parquet Specialist. The Bank letter of demand indicates a demand of about S$7.29 million. Jason Holdings is said to have guaranteed this repayment amount as said by the group in a filing to the local bourse. Jason Holdings is disputing this and has its board of directors seeking legal advice on a letter of demand. DBS has given Jason Holdings an ultimatum to repay the stated amount within a week. The solicitors of DBS bank has taken this step as a measure to safeguard the interest of the bank alongside the commencement of a legal proceedings as well as realization of any security. The shareholders are subsequently stranded alongside potential investors since the may lose their investment. DBS should ensure that no more issuance of shares takes place in Jason Holdings by seeking a court order to this effect. Concept / Theory (1) The problems in issuing or lending can be dealt with based on the requirement for security or collateral. Whereas many lending institutions require a proof of security, other lenders have waived this requirement and are taking risks to lend people loans even without interest. This has created a conflict and a problem among the lending institutions and hence making it even hard to access loans. However, it is required that loan applicants provide their securities. The problem is even further compounded the types of securities acceptable to the lending institutions. This creates a problem since at one hand lenders would want to make a profit by granting loans while at the same time, their hands are tied on the choice of the security for loans to be issued. It calls for trust between the lender and the lender to give and repay the loan. This trust be very difficult to gain and hence derailing the issuance of loans even though people and organization could be in serious and genuine needs for these loans. Concept / Theory (2) Another concept or theory is that of the interest rates. Higher interest rates are charged on loans which take a longer period to be paid. However, loans that are payable in short duration tends to attract low interest rates. On one hand, the lenders require that their loans be paid back with interest but at the same require to maximize on the interest paid. A problem arises where lender may fear that people may default if loans take longer time be repaid while at the same time they wish that should the loans stay for long and be paid eventually they will earn more. Lenders on the other hand would wish to have adequate time to use the money before repaying. However, this desire is limited to the fact that they will pay much interest than they would do if they pay within a short period of time. Another problem that exist based on the interest rates is the amount of the interest to be paid on top of the principal amount. Some lenders will issue loans without the collateral but charge high interest due to the high rates of defaulter whereas other lenders will tend to charge low interest as a motivation for repayment. To the loan application they have to contend with the problem of high interest rates so as to benefit from the money they have received as loans. Concept / Theory (3) The third concept is the issue or the theory of grace period. Lenders would want to minimize the grace period before one starts to repay the loans back whereas those who take the loan would advocate lengthy grace periods. It is therefore a problem which may derail the duration within which a loan application is finalized. While lenders want shorter grace period as an assurance that they will receive their lent money, the loanees require lengthy period to reorganize and start paying for loans without feeling the heat of the loan. They first need to make some money out of the loan and remit it back to the business to make more profits so that at the time they start repaying of the loans, they already have the opportunity to remain stable without being disrupted in their operation for the continuity of their businesses. Topic Two: Financial System Brief Background information of Bread Talk Group Bread Talk group was founded in 2000 in Singapore as well has quickly stretched to be a unique everyday brand proprietor hence created a brand or place in the international phase with its bakery, restaurant, as well as food atrium footpaths. Currently, the company has almost one thousand outlets in seventeen locations and generates culinary magic for daily recipes which one savor, bringing together individuals with preference as well as tastes around the globe. The company has a staff strength of seven employees and runs over eight fifty bakeries. It has globally much-admired Din Tai Fund restaurants in Singapore alongside (Shaviro 2011, p. 65) Thailand and sixty prized Food Republic food atria in Hong Kong, Thailand, China, Taiwan, Malaysia, as well as Singapore. The financial results of this Group alongside the stock information as well as share prices alongside the corporate presentation all display a successful company alongside its annual reports and circulars. The Group is deeply committed to providing timely, accurate as well as concise financial information. The franchise of the Group is offers rewarding careers while making a material change to individuals in their societies. The Group is deeply committed to providing timely, accurate as well as concise financial information. The franchise of the Group is offering satisfying careers whereas making an actual change to individuals in the societies. The Group quickly expand its franchise work as well as presently looking for well-matched enterprises to be part of its growing success. The Group has forged partnership in Thailand, Hong Kong, China, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia, Indonesia Kuwait, Philippines, Oman and many other countries to date. The Gr oup further looks forward to working with fervent and concurring partners to remain a force to reckon with in a global perspective. Examining and illustrating the financial system components of the Singapore The examination and assessment of Financial System of Singapore reveals a well-regulated system. As announced by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), assessment under the IMFs FSAP demonstrates that Singapores financial system is well-regulated as well as highly developed. Such an assessment has affirmed Singapore standing as a sound as well as stable financial center. Singapore Financial System has a high degree of international standards compliance for the supervision and regulation of the banking, insurance as well as securities sector alongside the financial markets infrastructures all which are key components of Singapores Financial System. The stress test of the system shows that banks and insurers in Singapore are resilient to adverse macroeconomics situations. The crisis management as well as resolution component arrangements in Singapore are strong. Singapore has the required legal framework with responsibilities and tools allocated among the public entities as well as robust organizations for information coordination and sharing. Explaining the types of financial products and services offered by financial intermediaries and their roles in the Singapore financial system which the business community can access The insurance companies as intermediaries assist investors deal with a risky investment by issuing policies that enable the investors to insure against the risk of default. The insurance company thus offer insurance and assist in spreading the risk of default to investors. Financial advisers offer specialist advice on the behalf on an investor thereby saving them understanding the details of the financial markets as well as utilizing time searching for the best investment. The credit union which are informal kinds of banks offer amenities for lending as well as depositing inside a given community. Mutual funds or investment trust describes mutual investment schemes which pool the small savings of one investor and subsequently permit a large investment fund. This makes small investors the beneficiaries of being part of the large investment trust which allow them benefit from small commission rates available to large purchases. Loans are one of the major financial product given to the clients. Financial institutions give loans to the traders to expand their business and in return get profits through the payment of interest rates. Mortgages are also essential financial products issued to the clients. People and organization get mortgages and promise to pay in the future. Deposits are also financial products where the people are given an opportunity to deposit their money in the banks to earn interest on deposits. People and organizations use this as the means of wealth creation. Key business activities Bread Talk Group The Group has a family of eight thrilling brands which have altered the way one would view his everyday staples. It has revolutionized the bakery since two thousand, where it conceits itself on savoring clients with its blend of exclusive ideas which have projected new food cultures traversing its restaurant, bakery and food atrium divisions. The Group seeks to revolutionize and undertake processes in a unique style as they instill imaginative differentiation in their retail notions thereby value creation for clients as well as deliver the food one loves. The Group has gathered customer and industry tributes alike from an assembly of global organizations. How Bread Talk Group can access the financial systems through the use of financial markets, financial intermediaries and financial instruments to facilitate its business activities. Bread Talk has the ability to access financial systems via financial intermediaries and markets, as financial instruments. Financial markets This is that market for financial assets or instruments and it is a contrivance by which sellers (borrowers) and buyers (lenders) of financial asset including Bread Talk meet thus facilitating lending directly. They exist to offer various services to the enterprises. Without the assistance of financial markets, many business can have daunting challenges. Over the recent past, there is been a growth in the financial markets and their continued support to business. Many securities are traded in these markets through their financial institutions. Many firms do benefit from these transaction since they keep various portfolio which increasingly bring advantages of stability as they diverse the risk from one security to the next. Financial markets are therefore important markets that have acted as the backup for firms in a global perspective. Stability in the financial markets is an added advantage to the business since they are assured of the continuity of their business as they get advis ory services which make their operation blossom. The Group has penetrated various markets through its partnership. It has fully penetrated and globally much-admired Din Tai Fund eateries in Singapore alongside Thailand and sixty prized Food Republic food atria in Hong Kong, Taiwan, China, Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore. Also the firm is doing successfully well in Singapore markets with clients giving positives feedbacks year round. Financial intermediaries Financial intermediaries are very important to business since they dictate the money supply and demand in the economy. Financial intermediaries have served as agents or bridging the gaps between traders and the financial institutions which facilitate the operation of the financial markets and the businesses in a global perspective. The duration that one would take, for example, trying to reach out to the financial market is shortened due to the presence of the financial intermediaries. The time recovered is shifted to other critical functions which eventually lead to increase productivity and hence profitability index shoots. The intermediaries exist in this financial markets to help Bread Talk with in various ways. They can insure Bread Talk though insurance companies and can as well give advisory services through financial advisers. Credit union will also benefit Bread Talk by providing facilities for lending as well as depositing. Also mutual funds or investment trust are mutual i nvestment schemes which can pool small saving from individuals investors including Bread Talk to enable a larger investment fund. Bread Talk may benefit from mutual funds by receiving smaller commission rates available to big purchases. Bread Talk will also benefit from the lower search cost, economies of scale as well as convenient amounts offered by financial intermediaries. It has its intermediaries throughout its worldwide commended Din Tai Fund cafeterias in Singapore alongside Thailand and sixty valued Food Republic food atria in Hong Kong, China, Taiwan, Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore which gives it an international presence and hence continued to partner with other like-minded organization globally. Financial Instruments These are the monetary contracts between parties and can be created, traded, modified as well as settled. These instruments may also be cash, evidence of a possession interest in a firm or share and they can as well be contractual right to deliver and receive cash, called bonds. Bread Talk Group is driven by its individual internal Research and Development club whereby their Masterchefs invoke cooking enchanted for a variety of recipes which people savour from their brands daily (Abbasian et al. 2015, p. 67). It is collaborating with a global group of consultant from Japan, France, Germany, Taiwan and Spain thus aiming at bringing people the best amalgamation of cookery talents which encapsulates a range of tastes. Combing the best of Asian and Western influences thus finalizing a blend of indigenous culture with superiority ingredients as well as their Chefs recent world motivations. It issues bonds and shares as well as other financial securities to boost its business. Academic Review Agency problem Agent problem is inevitable in Bread Talk Group since it is a large firm utilizing the principal-agency principles to drive its agenda. Since the Group employs over 800 staff, the conflicts arise when driving its agenda. Another agency problem exist since the Group has various partnerships with the people working on their behalf. Relevancy Understand the agency problem is essential in helping the Group to address the issues arising from such an arrangement. Accordingly, the Bread Talk Group will has to deal with these problems much better when they are aware of these problems. References Abbasian, M.M., Royaee, R., Yeganeh, Y.H. and Yaghoob-Nezhad, A., 2015. The Influence of Accounting Standard Precision on Auditors Decisions. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(1 (s)), p.191. Agtarap-San, J. D. (2007). Fundamentals of accounting: Basic accounting principles simplified for accounting students. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. Aisbitt, S., 2002. Tax and accounting rules: some recent developments. European Business Review, 14(2), pp.92-97. Bloomfield, R., Rennekamp, K. And Kadous, K., 2010. Experimental Research in Financial Reporting: From the Laboratory to the Virtual World. 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The relationship between accounting and taxationthe Romanian accounting environment. Annals of Faculty of Economics, 1(1), pp.894-900. Frontiers of business, management and economics: An interdisciplinary. (2013). S.l.: Universal-Publishers Com. Gaffikin, M., 2005. Regulation as accounting theory. Hermanson, R. H., Edwards, J. D., Salmonson, R. F. (1987). Accounting principles. Plano, Tex: Business Publications. Heylen, F., Ooghe, H., Vander, V. R. (2000). The economic and business consequences of the EMU: A challenge for governments, financial institutions and firms. Boston [u.a.: Kluwer Acad. Publ. Hill, C. A., McDonnell, B. H. (2012). Research Handbook on the Economics of Corporate Law. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub. James, S., 2002. The relationship between accounting and taxation. Knauer, N.J., 2013. Critical Tax Policy: A Pathway to Reform?. Northwestern Journal of Law and Social Policy, 9. Martinez, L.P. and Martinez, J.M., 2011. Internal Revenue Code and Latino Realities: A Critical Perspective, The. U. Fla. JL Pub. Pol'y, 22, p.377. McKnight, D. and Hobbs, M., 2013. Public contest through the popular media: The mining industry's advertising war against the Australian Labor government. Australian Journal of Political Science, 48(3), pp.307-319. Miller, J.A., 2000. Equal taxation: A commentary. Hofstra L. Rev., 29, p.529. Parker, L, Guthrie, J Linacre, S 2011, 'The relationship between academic accounting research and professional practice', Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 5-14. Shaviro, D., 2011. Tax Reform Implications of the Risk of a US Budget Catastrophe. U. Louisville L. Rev., 50, p.577. Unegbu, A.O., 2014. Theories of Accounting: Evolution Developments, Income-Determination and Diversities in Use. arXiv preprint arXiv:1411.4633.

Lawrences Works Details How The Mendicant Orders Arose Before A

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Classic Literature Defined Through Ethan Frome and To Kill a Mockingbird essays Classic literature is considered classic because it contains very specific elements. One critical element literature must possess to be considered classic is that it be a timeless story. Classic literature survives because it can be enjoyed and understood by readers from any generation. Another element of classic literature that is crucial to its survival is an important theme. Classic stories survive because they have a moral or they observe society and make a statement about the human experience. Themes are very important in classic literature as well. Themes in classic literature are usually universalthey are stories to which we all can relate. Classic literature also possesses the ability to communicate across cultures. Based on that understanding, this paper will examine the qualities that make Ethan Frome, by Edith Wharton, and To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, examples of classic literature. Ethan Frome fits this definition because it depicts the theme of human tragedy in the form of losing one's hopes and dreams. Ethan Frome's life is a reflection of his failure to succeed. Through Ethan, Wharton demonstrates how loneliness and hopelessness lead to a sense of depression that he can never overcome. His tragedy lies in the fact that he is in a loveless marriage to a woman who seeks only to control him. We can see how Ethan's hopelessness envelops him when we are told, "But hitherto the emotion had remained in him as silent ache, veiling with sadness the beauty that evoked it. He did not even know whether any one else in the world felt as he did, or whether any one else in the world felt as he did, or whether he was the sole victim of this mournful privilege" (Wharton). In addition, Ethan's situation is worsened when he finally realizes Zeena's true callous nature, and in response, we are told, "Wrath and dismay contended in Ethan. He had foreseen an imm...

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Upon request, the session bean calls JDBC layer to obtain a reference to object of type javax.sql.DataSource  interface. The DataSource type object serves acts as a resource manager factory for  java.sql.Connection  objects (as outlined by JDBC specification) that implement connections to a database. Once a  Connection  object is retrieved, the following business logic and persistence code (reads, updates, looping resultset, transaction commit/rollback etc.) are JDBC code. JDBC drawbacks Java applications initially used the JDBC API to create/read/update/delete/ data into relational databases. The JDBC API makes direct use of SQL statements to perform data persistence activities (create, read, update, and delete). When JDBC code is implemented in Java classes, the business logic gets tightly coupled to the Java class. The JDBC embeddable java code relies on SQL, which is not uniform across databases. Thus the code is tightly coupled to one type of database and hence difficult to migrate. Transactional Support: By default, JDBC drivers work in auto-commit mode, where each database SQL (read, update) is an atomic transaction. It is very easy to disable auto-commit, execute SQL in batch mode (multiple queries/updates) and then commit or rollback the transaction. DAO-VO A typical DAO (Data Access object) provides an interface that describes its contract with external interfaces. This outlines a series of methods for data persistence (CRUD operations). Generally a DAO is defined with a base interface and its methods are implemented by entity classes. A VO (Value object) is a simple POJO to transfer the data across various tiers of Java architecture. JDO For every method Persistence Manager is obtained, a transaction is fetched, and operations are executed. By availing attach/detach and fetch-groups, persisted objects are made available outside the DAO layer in a seamless way. Hibernate and JPA JPA acts as an adapter over Hibernate. JPA provides the entire API to interact with Hibernate. In a way JPA acts as an abstraction between the java code and Hibernate. In such a architecture it is easy to replace Hibernate if need be. JCA Java EE Connector Architecture (JCA) is a Java-based technology solution for connecting application servers and enterprise information systems (EIS) as part of enterprise application integration (EAI) solutions. While JDBC is specifically used to connect Java EE applications to databases, JCA is a more generic architecture for connection to legacy systems. What improvements were made in EJB3.1 and JPA2 Improvements in EJB 3.1 With EJB 3.1, there is no need to define home/local interfaces. Now EJB can be defined simple with an annotation. Singleton beans were introduced with EJB 3.1. Singleton beans can be used for shared data at application level. Asynchronous EJB calls are now supported with @Asynchronous method-level annotation. Packaging and deployment can be directly done in a war file. Session beans with a local view can be accessed without a separate local business interface. EJB Timer Service enhancements are also included to support scheduling jobs; Stateful Session Bean timed objects and deployment-time timer creation. Embedded container: A new embeddable API is available for executing EJB components within a Java SE environment (for unit testing, batch processing, etc.). EJB Lite: This definition of a lightweight subset of functionalities can be provided within Java EE Profiles (such as the Java EE Web Profile). Portable JNDI name: The syntax for looking up EJB components is now specified. Example: A Stateless EJB @Stateless public class CustomerEJB { @PersistenceContext(unitName = customerPU) private EntityManager em; public Customer findCustById(Long id) { return em.find(Customer.class, id); } public Customer createCust( Customer cust) { em.persist(cust); return cust; } } Improvements in JPA 2.0 Collections of basic types. Collections of embeddable. A persistent ordering is now maintained using the @OrderColumn annotation. Orphan removal that allows removal of child object when parent object is removed. Pessimistic locking has also been introduced along with optimistic locking. Foreign key mapping were introduced with JPA 2.0 for unidirectional one-to-many relationships. Improved support for maps (java HashMaps). Criteria query API which allows queries to be constructed in an object-oriented manner. Improvements in JPQL syntax. JPA 2.0 allows nesting of embeddable objects into other embeddable objects and has entity relationships. JPA 2.0 Example: @Entity @NamedQuery(name = findAllCust, query= select c from Customer c) public class Customer implements Serializable { @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; @Column(name = cust_name) private String custName; public Customer() { } //à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.Get and set methods @Override public String toString(){ StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(100); sb.append(id : );sb.append(id);sb.append( ; ); sb.append(custName : );sb.append(custName);sb.append( ; ); return sb.toString(); }

Teenage Dating in the 1950s Essay -- Relationships

Teenage Dating in the 1950s Teenagers in the 1950's are so iconic that, for some, they represent the last generation of innocence before it is "lost" in the sixties. When asked to imagine this lost group, images of bobbysoxers, letterman jackets, malt shops and sock hops come instantly to mind. Images like these are so classic, they, for a number of people, are "as American as apple pie." They are produced and perpetuated by the media, through films like Grease and Pleasantville and television shows like Happy Days, The Donna Reed Show, and Leave It to Beaver. Because of these entertainment forums, these images will continue to be a pop cultural symbol of the 1950's. After the second World War, teenagers became much more noticeable in America (Bailey 47). Their presence and existence became readily more apparent because they were granted more freedom than previous generations ever were. Teenagers like these were unique. They were given a chance to redefine the ways things were done in America. One of the conventions they put a new spin on, and consequently revolutionize, is the idea and practice of dating. The 1950's set up precedents in dating that led to what many consider "normal" dating today. ORIGINS OF DATING Dating is definitely an "American phenomenon." Few other countries carry on this practice with as much fervor as Americans do. Then again, few other countries have the same social conditions as America. Since the turn of the century, there has been a greater freedom between men and women, for example, both attend the same schools with the same classes. Both sexes become accustomed to the other at early ages which is very conducive to the practice of dating (Merrill 61). Dating essentially replaced the pra... ...isible. They drove cars and had money to spend. They were a new source of power, independent from their parents and ready for a change. Works Cited Bailey, Beth. From Front Porch to Back Seat. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1988. "Cross Country Report on Teens." Seventeen Sept. 1959: 134-135. "Do I have the right to love?" Seventeen May 1959: 136. Gould, Sandra. Always Say Maybe. New York: Golden Press, 1960. "How Much Do Boys Spend on Girls?" Seventeen June 1959: 75, 121. McGinnis, Tom. A Girl's Guide to Dating and Going Steady. New York: Doubleday, 1968. Merrill, Frances E. Courtship and Marriage. New York: William Sloane, 1949. Sadler, William. Courtship and Love. New York: Macmillan, 1952. Smith, Ken. Mental Hygiene: Classroom Films 1945-1970. New York: Blast Books, 1999. "The Art of Pursuit." Seventeen Feb. 1959: 72-73, 131.

Organisation Communication-Ethics Essay

Dilemma 1 As the newly appointed personnel director my option would be to follow the company’s procedure of screening the applicants and forwarding the top three to the management for interviews. However before forwarding the top three to the management, I would first confront the president on his discriminatory attitude. This would be necessary since if the applicants just go for interviews with the management, the president’s attitude may lead to all three of them not being selected. Then it will look like the selection process was unsatisfactory. In addition, it is important for the president to be aware of the fact that the three potential employees are all female so that he is not caught unaware. The information that all three applicants are female would be conveyed to him in the confrontational meeting. Confronting him will give an opportunity for bringing out the unethical nature of the president’s attitude. During the confrontation meeting I will attempt to explain to the president that the applicants ought to be selected using the principles of merit, fairness and equality. I will also point out that the management could end up selecting a female applicant even though there was a male applicant since the chances of having three male applicants would be small. In addition confrontation would also help to avoid possible liability for using sex as a determinant in the selection process. This is a contravention of the Civil Rights Act and it is better to prevent it rather than have the company lose large amounts of cash in a court case should the company be sued by any of the three female applicants (Shockley-Zalabak, 2005). Another advantage that confronting the president has is that the president will be aware that decisions will not be made according to his whims and desires especially when they are unethical. This would contribute hopefully to some amount of professional respect where the president sees that I have the interests of the organization and the employees as well at heart. It would also mean that the president would not expect to push me around as far as personnel issues were concerned and rather would leave me to discharge my duties independently while asking for help where necessary. The meeting with the president would remain private and the issue would only be discussed with other members of management if the president refused to change his stance on the issue. Then it would mean that such discriminatory practice would be perpetuated and failure to include other members of management would result in unequal employment opportunities for the employees. In such a situation the appropriate thing to do is to confront the president about his discriminatory posture. This can help to bring about a stop to such discriminatory behavior and also to avoid the legal implications of such discriminatory attitudes when employing. The company could suffer great losses by paying out damages and these could have been avoided. In addition, a company’s policy should be such that they avoid practices that are discriminatory in nature and the company should work towards ensuring that all people regardless of gender are treated equally. This involves availing opportunities equally to all employees regardless of gender, ethnicity, religion or race (Caux Round Table, 2006). Confrontation with the president however requires tact and it is best to start with how the company is likely to suffer from discriminatory practices, beginning with the legal implications and their effect on the profitability of the company. Then other factors such as the negative publicity the company would receive from such a court case where discrimination along gender lines has been exposed as a factor in employment and also citing the goodwill of the employees as an issue that would be affected. This is because most employees may side with their colleagues who have been discriminated against or feel like they are the next in line to suffer from a discriminatory practice. Due to the sensitive nature of the meeting it would best be had in privacy with the president. After the president has changed his mind then the selection process can continue as outlined by company policy. Dilemma 2 In the situation above as the personnel liaison I would press the crew member for more information on who was involved or places where the drug use occurred.  I would impress on her the need to give more specific information so that I can act as soon as possible and so as to give me a head start in performing my own investigation. This would be done by explaining to her the danger that the involved crew members and personnel liaison people were putting on her and other members of the crew. This is because by being involved in drug use they compromised their mental alertness when operating machinery which could result in injury to others and also in losses for the company. While attempting to get as much information as possible from the crew member I would also be conducting my own investigations. This would be done discreetly and would involve trips to the production line to unearth evidence of drug use. It would also involve interviews with every crew member to try and find out those who are involved in the drug use. Other personnel liaisons would not be involved in the investigations to prevent those who are involved from pre-empting the investigation process. During the interviews the employees would be made aware of the consequences of drug use with police involvement being the major factor especially if the drugs are found to be illegal drugs. This would most likely cause some of the crew members to crack under the pressure and giving up the necessary information to deal with the drug problems at the plant. If this fails to generate adequate information the crew members and all personnel liaison would be informed of the need for testing due to safety issues and firing or suspension of those found to be using drugs at the plant. In a situation of drug use at manufacturing plant, the person in charge in this case the liaison officer has a role of conducting investigations to find out what truth there is in the crew members allegations and expose all those involved in drug use (Shockley-Zalaback, 2007). Drug use is a criminal offence depending on the drug being used and it has the effect of compromising the quality of work of the users and thus lowering the efficiency of the company. Aside from the negative effect on the profitability of the company, it is also unethical practice to ignore the report of the crew member as it would be akin to condoning drug use in the company. In dealing with the issue it is best to first ensure that there is a handbook that all the employees are aware of and have access to regarding use of drugs at the workplace (People Management, 2007). This means that the employees cannot claim ignorance of company policy regarding drug use at the work place. Holding meetings to draw attention to the problem of drug use is also another means of communicating and citing the disciplinary issues that are associated with drug use. In addition having an intranet that has information on drug use and use of posters, newsletters to communicate company policy in drug misuse at work. In managing the situation it is also necessary that emphasis be on support that the company will offer those with drug dependence problems rather than on disciplinary issues. While this cannot be ignored, it discourages most people from admitting that they have a problem. Also it means that the company may not be meeting its legal obligations in managing those people who have drug use problems. What I would have done is slightly different from what should be done. My approach is more focussed on disciplinary measures rather than supportive measures. As a result it may not be very effective at flushing out all the drug users and some may persist with their problem until it causes danger or injury to others. The approach I took was more disciplinary because it was aimed at reaching those who merely use drugs at the plant irresponsibly. It did not give consideration to those who may have serious problems of managing their drug use, but if identified these would be referred to a rehabilitation center and would retain their jobs as long as they complied with treatment.

Thurgood Marshall, First Black Supreme Court Justice

Thurgood Marshall (July 2, 1908–January 24, 1993), the great-grandson of slaves, was the first African-American justice appointed to the United States Supreme Court, where he served from 1967 to 1991. Earlier in his career, Marshall was a pioneering civil rights attorney who successfully argued the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education, a major step in the fight to desegregate American schools. The 1954 Brown decision is considered one of the most significant civil rights victories of the 20th century. Fast Facts: Thurgood Marshall Known For: First African-American Supreme Court justice, landmark civil rights lawyerAlso Known As: Thoroughgood Marshall, Great DissenterBorn: July 2, 1908 in Baltimore, MarylandParents: William Canfield Marshall, Norma AricaDied: January 24, 1993 in Bethesda, MarylandEducation: Lincoln University, Pennsylvania  (BA), Howard University  (LLB)Published Works: Thurgood Marshall: His Speeches, Writings, Arguments, Opinions, and Reminiscences (The Library of Black America series) (2001)Awards and Honors: The Thurgood Marshall Award, established in 1992 by the American Bar Association, is presented annually to a recipient to recognize long-term contributions by members of the legal profession to the advancement of civil rights, civil liberties, and human rights in the United States, the ABA says. Marshall received the inaugural award in 1992.Spouse(s): Cecilia Suyat Marshall  (m. 1955–1993),  Vivian Burey Marshall (m. 1929–1955)Children: John W. Marshall,  Thurgoo d Marshall, Jr.Notable Quote: It is interesting to me that the very people...that would object to sending their white children to school with Negroes are eating food that has been prepared, served, and almost put in their mouths by the mothers of those children. Childhood Marshall (named Thoroughgood at birth) was born in Baltimore on Jan. 24, 1908, the second son of Norma and William Marshall. Norma was an elementary school teacher and William worked as a railroad porter. When Thurgood was 2 years old, the family moved to Harlem in New York City, where Norma earned an advanced teaching degree at Columbia University. The Marshalls returned to Baltimore in 1913 when Thurgood was 5. Thurgood and his brother Aubrey attended an elementary school for blacks only and their mother taught in one as well. William Marshall, who had never graduated from high school, worked as a waiter in a whites-only country club. By second grade, Marshall, weary of being teased about his unusual name and equally weary of writing it out, shortened it to â€Å"Thurgood.† In high school, Marshall earned decent grades but had a tendency to stir up trouble in the classroom. As punishment for some of his misdeeds, he was ordered to memorize portions of the U.S. Constitution. By the time he left high school, Marshall knew the entire document. Marshall always knew that he wanted to go to college but realized his parents couldnt afford to pay his tuition. Thus, he began saving money while he was in high school, working as a delivery boy and a waiter. In September 1925, Marshall entered Lincoln University, an African-American college in Philadelphia. He intended to study dentistry. College Years Marshall embraced college life. He became the star of the debate club and joined a fraternity; he was also very popular with young women. Yet Marshall found himself ever aware of the need to earn money. He worked two jobs and supplemented that income with his earnings from winning card games on campus. Armed with the defiant attitude that had gotten him into trouble in high school, Marshall was suspended twice for fraternity pranks. But Marshall was also capable of more serious endeavors, as when he helped to integrate a local movie theater. When Marshall and his friends attended a movie in downtown Philadelphia, they were ordered to sit in the balcony (the only place that blacks were allowed). The young men refused and sat in the main seating area. Despite being insulted by white patrons, they remained in their seats and watched the movie. From then on, they sat wherever they liked at the theater. By his second year at Lincoln, Marshall had decided he didnt want to become a dentist, planning instead to use his oratory gifts as a practicing attorney. (Marshall, who was 6-foot-2, later joked that his hands were probably too big for him to have become a dentist.) Marriage and Law School In his junior year, Marshall met Vivian Buster Burey, a student at the University of Pennsylvania. They fell in love and, despite Marshalls mothers objections—she felt they were too young and too poor—married in 1929 at the beginning of Marshalls senior year. After graduating from Lincoln in 1930, Marshall enrolled at Howard University Law School, a historically black college in Washington, D.C., where his brother Aubrey was attending medical school. Marshalls first choice had been the University of Maryland Law School, but he was refused admission because of his race. Norma Marshall pawned her wedding and engagement rings to help her younger son pay his tuition. Marshall and his wife lived with his parents in Baltimore to save money. Marshall commuted by train to Washington every day and worked three part-time jobs to make ends meet. Marshalls hard work paid off. He rose to the top of the class in his first year and won the plum job of an assistant in the law school library. There, he worked closely with the man who became his mentor, law school dean Charles Hamilton Houston. Houston, who resented the discrimination he had suffered as a soldier during World War I, had made it his mission to educate a new generation of African-American lawyers. He envisioned a group of attorneys who would use their law degrees to fight racial discrimination. Houston was convinced that the basis for that fight would be the U.S. Constitution itself. He made a profound impression upon Marshall. While working in the Howard law library, Marshall came into contact with several lawyers and activists from the NAACP. He joined the organization and became an active member. Marshall graduated first in his class in 1933 and passed the bar exam later that year. Working for the NAACP Marshall opened his own law practice in Baltimore in 1933 at the age of 25. He had few clients at first, and most of those cases involved minor charges, such as traffic tickets and petty thefts. It did not help that Marshall opened his practice in the midst of the Great Depression. Marshall became increasingly active in the local NAACP, recruiting new members for its Baltimore branch. Because he was well-educated, light-skinned, and dressed well, however, he sometimes found it difficult to find common ground with some African-Americans. Some felt Marshall had an appearance closer to that of a white man than to one of their own race. But Marshalls down-to-earth personality and easy communication style helped to win over many new members. Soon, Marshall began taking cases for the NAACP and was hired as part-time legal counsel in 1935. As his reputation grew, Marshall became known not only for his skill as a lawyer but also for his bawdy sense of humor and love of storytelling. In the late 1930s, Marshall represented African-American teachers in Maryland who were receiving only half the pay that white teachers earned. Marshall won equal-pay agreements in nine Maryland school boards and in 1939, convincing a federal court to declare unequal salaries for public school teachers unconstitutional. Marshall also had the satisfaction of working on a case, ​Murray v. Pearson, in which he helped a black man gain admission to the University of Maryland Law School in 1935. That same school had rejected Marshall only five years earlier. NAACP Chief Counsel In 1938, Marshall was named chief counsel to the NAACP in New York. Thrilled about having a steady income, he and Buster moved to Harlem, where Marshall had first gone with his parents as a young child. Marshall, whose new job required extensive travel and an immense workload, typically worked on discrimination cases in areas such as housing, labor, and travel accommodations. Marshall, in 1940, won the first of his Supreme Court victories in Chambers v. Florida, in which the Court overturned the convictions of four black men who had been beaten and coerced into confessing to a murder. For another case, Marshall was sent to Dallas to represent a black man who had been summoned for jury duty and who had been dismissed when court officers realized he was not white. Marshall met with Texas governor James Allred, whom he successfully persuaded that African-Americans had a right to serve on a jury. The governor went a step further, promising to provide Texas Rangers to protect those blacks who served on juries. Yet not every situation was so easily managed. Marshall had to take special precautions whenever he traveled, especially when working on controversial cases. He was protected by NAACP bodyguards and had to find safe housing—usually in private homes—wherever he went. Despite these security measures, Marshall often feared for his safety because of numerous threats. He was forced to use evasive tactics, such as wearing disguises and switching to different cars during trips. On one occasion, Marshall was taken into custody by a group of policemen while in a small Tennessee town working on a case. He was forced from his car and driven to an isolated area near a river, where an angry mob of white men awaited. Marshalls companion, another black attorney, followed the police car and refused to leave until Marshall was released. The police, perhaps because the witness was a prominent Nashville attorney, drove Marshall back to town. Separate but Not Equal Marshall continued to make significant gains in the battle for racial equality in the areas of both voting rights and education. He argued a case before the U.S. Supreme Court in 1944 (Smith v. Allwright), claiming that Texas Democratic Party rules unfairly denied blacks the right to vote in primaries. The Court agreed, ruling that all citizens, regardless of race, had the constitutional right to vote in primaries. In 1945, the NAACP made a momentous change in its strategy. Instead of working to enforce the separate but equal provision of the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision, the NAACP strove to achieve equality in a different way. Since the notion of separate but equal facilities had never truly been accomplished in the past (public services for blacks were uniformly inferior to those for whites), the only solution would be to make all public facilities and services open to all races. Two important cases tried by Marshall between 1948 and 1950 contributed greatly to the eventual overturning of Plessy v. Ferguson. In each case (Sweatt v. Painter and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents), the universities involved (the University of Texas and University of Oklahoma) failed to provide for black students an education equal to that provided for white students. Marshall successfully argued before the U.S. Supreme Court that the universities did not provide equal facilities for either student. The Court ordered both schools to admit black students into their mainstream programs. Overall, between 1940 and 1961, Marshall won 29 of the 32 cases he argued before the U.S. Supreme Court. Brown v. Board of Education In 1951, a court decision in Topeka, Kansas became the stimulus for Thurgood Marshalls most significant case. Oliver Brown of Topeka had sued that citys Board of Education, claiming that his daughter was forced to travel a long distance from her home just to attend a segregated school. Brown wanted his daughter to attend the school nearest their home—a school designated for whites only. The U.S. District Court of Kansas disagreed, asserting that the African-American school offered an education equal in quality to the white schools of Topeka. Marshall headed the appeal of the Brown case, which he combined with four other similar cases and filed as Brown v. Board of Education. The case came before the U.S. Supreme Court in December 1952. Marshall made it clear in his opening statements to the Supreme Court that what he sought was not merely a resolution for the five individual cases; his goal was to end racial segregation in schools. He argued that segregation caused blacks to feel innately inferior. The opposing lawyer argued that integration would harm white children. The debate went on for three days. The Court adjourned on Dec. 11, 1952, and did not convene on Brown again until June 1953. But the justices did not render a decision; instead, they requested that the attorneys supply more information. Their main question: Did the attorneys believe that the 14th Amendment, which addresses citizenship rights, prohibited segregation in schools? Marshall and his team went to work to prove that it did. After hearing the case again in December 1953, the Court did not come to a decision until May 17, 1954. Chief Justice Earl Warren announced that the Court had come to the unanimous decision that segregation in the public schools violated the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. Marshall was ecstatic; he always believed he would win, but was surprised that there were no dissenting votes. The Brown decision did not result in overnight desegregation of southern schools. While some school boards did begin making plans for desegregating schools, few southern school districts were in a hurry to adopt the new standards. Loss and Remarriage In November 1954, Marshall received devastating news about Buster. His 44-year-old wife had been ill for months but had been misdiagnosed as having the flu or pleurisy. In fact, she had incurable cancer. However, when she found out, she inexplicably kept her diagnosis a secret from her husband. When Marshall learned how ill Buster was, he set all work aside and took care of his wife for nine weeks before she died in February 1955. The couple had been married for 25 years. Because Buster had suffered several miscarriages, they had never had the family they so desired. Marshall mourned but did not remain single for long. In December 1955, Marshall married Cecilia Cissy Suyat, a secretary at the NAACP. He was 47, and his new wife was 19 years his junior. They went on to have two sons, Thurgood, Jr. and John. Work for the Federal Government In September 1961, Marshall was rewarded for his years of legal work when President John F. Kennedy appointed him a judge on the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. Although he hated to leave the NAACP, Marshall accepted the nomination. It took nearly a year for him to be approved by the Senate, many of whose members still resented his involvement in school desegregation. In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson named Marshall to the post of solicitor general of the United States. In this role, Marshall was responsible for representing the government when it was being sued by a corporation or an individual. In his two years as solicitor general, Marshall won 14 of the 19 cases he argued. Supreme Court Justice On June 13, 1967, President Johnson announced Thurgood Marshall as the nominee for Supreme Court Justice to fill the vacancy created by Justice Tom C. Clarks departure. Some southern senators—notably Strom Thurmond—fought Marshalls confirmation, but Marshall was confirmed and then sworn in on Oct. 2, 1967. At the age of 59, Marshall became the first African-American to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court. Marshall took a liberal stance in most of the Courts rulings. He consistently voted against any form of censorship and was strongly opposed to the death penalty. In the 1973 Roe v. Wade case, Marshall voted with the majority to uphold a womans right to choose to have an abortion. Marshall was also in favor of affirmative action. As more conservative justices were appointed to the Court during the Republican administrations of presidents Ronald Reagan, Richard Nixon, and Gerald Ford, Marshall found himself increasingly in the minority, often as the lone voice of dissent. He became known as The Great Dissenter. In 1980, the University of Maryland honored Marshall by naming its new law library after him. Still bitter about how the university had rejected him 50 years earlier, Marshall refused to attend the dedication. Retirement and Death Marshall resisted the idea of retirement, but by the early 1990s, his health was failing and he had problems with both his hearing and vision. On June 27, 1991, Marshall submitted his letter of resignation to President George H. W. Bush. Marshall was replaced by Justice Clarence Thomas. Marshall died of heart failure on Jan. 24, 1993, at age 84; he was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Marshall was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Bill Clinton in November 1993. Sources Cassie, Ron. â€Å"The Legacy of Thurgood Marshall.†Ã‚  Baltimore Magazine, 25 Jan. 2019.Crowther, Linnea. â€Å"Thurgood Marshall: 20 Facts.†Ã‚  Legacy.com, 31 Jan. 2017.â€Å"Past Recipients Keynote Speakers.†Ã‚  American Bar Association.â€Å"Thurgood Marshalls Unique Supreme Court Legacy.†Ã‚  National Constitution Center – Constitutioncenter.org.